e`r ”kks/ku ,oa laj{k.k ;k e`r “kjhj dk “kks/ku vkSj laj{k.k

·       “ko laj{k.k ¼Preservation of dead body½

·       e`r”kks/ku ;k e`rla”kks/ku ;k e`r “kjhj foPNsnu ¼Dissection or practical anatomy½

·       “kjhj ds vax & izR;ax foHkkx] la[;k “kkjhj] O;kdj.k “kkjhj vkfn ds fy, ,d vkSj tgk¡ “kkL= Kku ¼Theoriatical Knowledge½ vko”;d gSA

·       ogha nwljh vksj izR;{k dekZH;kl ds fy, “kkjhj Kku ¼Practical Knowldege½ Hkh mi;ksxh gSA

·       fo”ks’k rkSj ls “kY; “kkL=h ds fy, rks ;g cgqr gh mi;ksxh gSA blfy, “kjhj dk izR;{k Kku djus ds fy, “koPNsnu ¼Dissection½ djuk bruk vklku ugh FkkA

·       vkt ds vk/kqfud ;qx dh vis{kk vkpk;Z lqJqr ds dky esa vkt ls yxHkx lkDead Body½ dk “koPNsnu ¼Dissection½ djuk bruk vklku ugha FkkA

·       vusdksa lk/kuksa dk rFkk ;a= “kL=ksa dk vHkko] “kofoPNsnu x`g ¼Dissection hall½ dk vHkko] lekt dh ikjEifjd jpuk] muds lkekftd fu;e vkfnA buds vuqlkj e`r “kjhj ¼Dead Body½ dks Li”kZ ¼touch½ Hkh vPNk ugha ekuk tkrk FkkA mldk foPNsnu ¼Dissection½ djuk rks ,dne gh fud`’V deZ FkkA

·       vr% ml dky esaa e`r la”kks/ku ,oa laj{k.k dh i)fr viuk;h tkrh Fkh] og vk/kqfud i)fr ls fcYdqy vyx FkhA                              

            

izkphu laj{k.k i)fr

1-    “ko dk laj{k.k] “koPNsnu deZ ls iwoZ gh djuk vko”;d gksrk gSA izkphu dky esa “ko laj{k.k ds vusd mnkgj.k ns[kus dks feyrs gS] ftuls fl) gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjr esa gh ugha vfirq feJ vkfn vU; ns”kksa esa Hkh “ko laj{k.k fof/k lekt esa izpfyr FkhA jkek;.k ,oa egkHkkjr dky bl izek.k dh iqf’V djrs gSaA egkjktk n”kjFk ds e`r “kjhj dks Hkjr ds vkus rd rSy nzks.kh esaa lqjf{kr j[kk FkkA feJ esa Hkh vusd jktk ,oa mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ds “koksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, vkS’kf/k;ksa ds ysi esa lajf{kr fd;k tkrk FkkA ftl LFkku ij “koksa dks lqjf{kr j[kk tkrk Fkk] mUgsa fijkfeM dgk tkrk gSA vkt Hkh fo”o esa Pyramids of Egypts izfl) gSA tgk¡ “krkfCn;ksa iwoZ ds “ko vkt Hkh lajf{kr gSA

2-    lqJqr lafgrk ds “kkjhj LFkku 5@61 esa “kjhj ds vax & izR;axksa dk izR;{k Kku izkIr djus gsrq “ko dks lajf{kr djuk rFkk mlds ckn “kOkPNsnu dk fo/kku crk;k gSA

^^rLekr~ leLrxkefo’kksigrenh?kZO;kf/kihfM+reo’kZ”khrda fu% l`’VkU=iqjh’ka iq:’ke&ogUR;keki xk;ka fuc)a i$jLFka eq$oYdydq”k”k.kknhukeU;resukosf’VrkcizR; ceizdk”ks ns”ks dksFk;sr~] lE;d~ izdqfFkra pksn~/k`R; rrks nsga lIrjk=knq”khjckyos.kqoYdydwpkZukeU;resu “kuS% “kuSjo?k’kZ;aLroxknhu~ lofuo ckákH;kUrjkcfo”ks’kku~~ ;Fkksäku~ y{k;sPp{kq’kkAA**

¼lq-“kk- 5@61½

“ko laj{k.k ,oa “koPNsnu dh i)fr &

vr% “kjhjxr vax&izR;a{k Kku izkIr djus ds fy,] ftlds “kjhj esa lEiw.kZ vax&izR;ca gks] ftldh e`R;q fo’k ¼Poison½ ls u gqbZ gks] tks nh?kZdky rd O;kf/k ls ihfM+r u gqvk gks] ftldh vk;q lkS o’kZ ls de gks] “kjhj ij yxk gqvk vkU=xr ey lkQ fd;k x;k gks] ,sls e`r “kjhj dks rsth ls u cgus okyh unh esa] fi$js esa ck¡/kdj] eq$ ¼o`{kksa dh Nky½ oYdy ¼isM+ dk fNydk½] dq”k] lu ¼”k.k½ buesa ls fdlh ,d oLrq ls vax&izR;axksa dks yisVdj vizdV LFkku ¼vU/ksjs½ esaa lM+kosaA fQj lkr fnu ds ckn Hkyh & Hkk¡fr lMs+ gq, ml e`r “kjhj dks unh ls ckgj fudkydj fi$js rFkk eq$kfn vkoj.k dks gVkdj] m”khj ¼[kl½] cky] os.kq ¼ckal½] oYdy ¼o`{k dh Nky½] buesa ls fdlh ,d ls rS;kj dh gqbZ dw¡ph ls /khjs & /khjs [kqjprs ¼f?klrs½ gq, iwoksZDr lc Ropkvksa dks cká rFkk vkH;kUrj vax & izR;axksa ds vk¡[kksa ls ns[ksaA

^^u “kD;z{kq’kk nz’Vqa nsgs lw{ereks foHkq%A n`”;rs Kku p{kqfHkZLri{kqfHkZjso pAA**

¼lq-“kk- 5@62½

bruk djus ij Hkh vkpk;Z &lqJqr dgrs gSa] fd “kjhj esa tks Hkh lw{e ls lw{e jpuk,¡ gSa] mUgsa ge viuh vk¡[kks ls ¼peZ p{kq = Naked eye ½ ugha ns[k ldrs] blfy, ,slh lw{e jpukvksa dk Kku xqq: ;k vkpk;Z }kjk gh izkIr gks ldrk gSA vFkkZr~ Kku p{kq ¼ riz{kq] fnO;p{kq] Microscope , lens, magnifying glass½ ls ns[kuk pkfg,A

vk;qosZn ds vuq”kkj

   vkpkZ; lqJqr ds le; esa laj{k.k ,oa e`r”kks/ku i)fr

1-   laj{k.k ls iwoZ e`r “kjhj dh ijh{kk o lko/kkfu;k¡ ;k iwoZdeZ&                                

&ftl “ko esa iw.kZ vax & izR;ax gksaA

&ftldh e`r;q nh/kZdkyhu O;kf/k;ksa ls u gqbZ gksA             

&ftldh e`R;q fo’k iz;ksx ls u gqbZ gksA

&ftldh vk;q lkS o’kZ ls de gksA

                               

2-       laj{k.k fof/k ¼ Preparation of the dead body½&                      ,sls e`r “kjhj dks eawt] Nky] dq”k vFkok “k.k vkfn ds }kjk HkyhHkk¡fr yisVdj] fiatjs esa j[kdj rst u cgus okyh unh ds ty esa Mqcksdj ck¡/k nsuk pkfg,A

3-    “koPNsnu ¼ Dissection½&                                          lkr fnu ckn HkyhHkk¡fr Qwys gq, “ko dks unh ls ckgj fudkydj vkSj fijs rFkk eawt vkfn ds vkoj.k dks gVkdj [kl] ckal] Nky vFkok ckyksa }kjk fufeZZZr dwph ls /khjs&/khjs ?k’kZ.k dj] Ropk vkfn  cká vkSj vkH;Urj vax& izR;axks dks izR;{k djuk pkfg,A bl fof/k dks ge vdud “koNsnu ¼ Blunt disseection½ ds uke ls tku ldrs gSA tks lw{e jpuk dks Hkh fcuk {kfr ds ns[kus ;s [kkst ysus dh loksZŸke fof/k gSA mi;qZDr fof/k ls peZp{kqvksa }kjk “kjhj ds LFkwy vax& izR;axks dk ns[k lduk rks lEHko gS] ijUrq “kjhjxr lw{e Hkkoksa dk Kku riz{kqvksa }kjk gh lEHko gSA

vk/kqfud ds vuq”kkj

vk/kqfud le; esa laj{k.k ,oa e`r”kk/ku i)fr

vk/kqfud ;qx esa fofHkUu “kkL=ksa esa tks mUufr gqbZ] mlds vuqlkj e`r”kjhj dss laj{k.k rFkk jatu dh O;oLFkk dk Hkh vkfo’dkj gqvkA vr% vkt “ko laj{k.k ds fy, gesa fdlh unh dh ryk”k djuk vko”;d ugha gSA foKku dh izxfr ds dkj.k] vkt ge e`r “kjhj izkIr djus ij] “koPNsnu x`g esa lwfpos/k }kjk mlesa laj{kd nzo Hkj nsrs gSA ftlls og e`r “kjhj lM- ugha ldrk vkSj “ko dh fofHkUu vUrjZpuk,¡ u’V ugha gksrhA rFkk jatd¼ St½ nzo Hkh “kjhj esa izfo’V fd;k tkrk gSA ftlls /keuh]fljk vkfn jpukvksa ls lqyHkrk ls O;oPNsn dj ldrs gSA

                          

laj{k.k ls iwoZ e`r “kjhj dh ijh{kk o lko/kkfu;k¡ ;k iwoZdeZ&

1-    bl izfdz;k esa e`R;q gksrs gh “o dks xzg.k djds lajf{kr dj fy;k tkrk gSA’khrdky esa e`R;q gksus ds le; ls ysdj yxHkx 30 ?k.Vs rd “ko esa nwf’kr ifjorZu ugha gksrsA xzh’edky esa e`R;q gksrs gh “ko ds ckgj cQZ yxk nsuh pkfg,] yxHkx  24 ?k.Vs rd “ko esa nwdf’kr ifjorZu ugha gksrsA

2-    ftl “ko esa iw.kZ vax&izR;ax gksaA

3-    vax&izR;ax dVs&QVs u gksA

4-    ftldh e`R;q nh?kZdkyhu O;kf/k;ksa ls u gksA

5-    e`r “kjhj fdlh ladzed jksx ls ihfM++++++++r u gksA

6-    ftldh e`R;q fo’k iz;ksx ls u gksA

7-    Post-mirtem dh gqbZ Bodyu gksA

8-    ftldh vk;q yxHkx 55&60 o’kZ ls vf/kd u gksA     

j{kd nzO; ¼ Preservative fluid½&

·        Carbolic acid or Phenol               1lt.

·        Formaline                                  4 lt.

·        Glycerine                                         2lt.

·        Sprit                                                  3lt.

·        Terpentine oil                                   300ml.

·        Water                                                 3lt

·       jatd nzO; ¼Stanining fluid½&

·        Red lead                                              200mg

·        Water                                                  2lt.

             bu lHkh dks feykdj laj{kd nzo rS;kj djrs gSA

nzo laj{k.k igpku &

1-     tcFormalin dh Smell “ko dh ukfldk¼ Nose½ vkSj dkuks (Ears)esa vkus yxsA

2-     yykV ¼Fore head ½  ,oa vaxqfy;ksa ds vfUre ioksZa ds vxzh Hkkx ¼ Head of distal phalanx½ esa vky fiu ls Hksnu ij nzo fjlus yxsA

jatu ¼ Staining½&

laj{k.k izzfdz;k ds lkr fnu ckn /keuh laLFkku dks fojaftr djuk pkfg,A

·        Red lead -200 mg.       

·        water -2lt.

laj{k.k fof/k&

e`r “kjhj dks “koPNsnu d{k ¼Dissection hall ½esa “koPNsnu est ij mu fLFkfr esa ysVkdj mlds nf{k.k ;k oke Hkkx esa vkSj ds chp gksrk gSA mlds uhps yxkrs gSaA ogk¡ feyrh gS] ftlds vUnj esa vkSj eas feyrh gSA ds }kjk ge esa igq¡pkdj dk djrs gaS A ;k ls dks djrs gSA

(I)  Ant. sup. iliac spine-Inguinal ligament –Pubic tuberele

Below 4cm. cut

Femoral sheath

Femoral A.( Lateral side )

Femorel V.(Medial side )

(II) Arch of aorta

 

Brachio cephalic         A. lt. commo carotid         A. lt. subclavian A.

laj{k.k djrs le; lko/kkfu;k¡ &

1- ukd]dku ,oa xqnk vkfn ds ekxksZa esa :bZ ¼ Cotton½Hkj nsuh pkfg, rkfd nzo ckgj u fudy ldsA

2.Femorol artery Canula Direction igys Åij dh vksj gksuh pkfg, vkSj tc yxHkx ,d yh- Preservative fluid “ks’k jgs Canula dh uhps dh Direction vksj dj nsuh pkfg,Aftlls lEiw.kZ e`r “kjhj esa Presrvative fluid vPNh rjg igq¡p tk;sA

“koPNsnu ¼ Dissection½ &

laj{k.k ,oaaa¼Preservation and staining½ ds iw.kZ gks tkus ds ckn “koPNsnu d{k¼Dissection hall½ esa “koPNsnu¼Dissection½ dk dk;Z izzjEHk djrs gSA

e`r”kks/ku dk egRo ¼Importance of dissection½&

1-    “kkjhjd vo;oksa dh x.kuk gsrqA

2-    vax&izR;ax dh jpuk dh n`f’V ls Kku gsrqA

3-    fofHkUu vo;oksa ds voLFkkuqlkj ifjorZu ,oa mudh fLFkfr ¼Position½ ds Kku gsrqA

4-    fpfdRlk ,oa “kY; deZ esa lQyrk izkfIr gsrqA

5-    e`r “kjhj vo;koksa ds Kku ls thfor izk.kh dh izfdz;kvksaa ds Kku gsrqA

6-    “kjhj fdz;k] “kjhj jpuk ,oa “kY; “kkL= ds Kku gsrqA

7-    O;ogkj vk;qosZn ,oa fof/koS|d ds Kku gsrqA

8-    lS)kafrd Kku ds lkFk fdz;kRed Kku izkfIr gsrqA

bl izdkj ge fu%lansg dg ldrs gSa fd e`r”kks/ku dk ,d fpfdRld ds fy, fpfdRlk gsrq Kku izkIr djuk egRoiw.kZ gSA

 ^^?kjsyw fgalk lekt dk dVq lR;% ,d vkykspukRed ifjis{;**

  MkW d`’.k nkl f}osnh

  lgk;d izk/;kid [fof/k]

  Jh;qr egkfo|ky; xaxso ftyk jhok [e-iz-]

[1] lkjka”k%  ?kjsyw fgalk L=h ds thou dks rgl ugl dj nsrh gSA og L+=h dks bruk detksj vkSj fojks/k esa v{ke cuk nsrh gS fd og gkj dj vius lkjs vf/kdkjksa vkSj nkoks dks R;kx dj ?kj NksM+us dks ck/; gks tkrh gSA ?kjsyw fgalk dks fdlh laca/k es vius lkFkh ij fu;a=.k j[kusa vFkok “kfDr cuk, j[kus ds fy, fd, tkus okys O;ogkj ds :i esa ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA ;g O;ogkj “kkjhfjd] ySfxad] HkkoukRed] vkfFkZd vFkok euksoSKkfud O;ogkj ;k Hk; gks ldrs gS tks nwljs O;fDr dks izHkkfor djsA blesa fdlh dks Mjkuk] vkrafdr djuk] /kedh nsuk] nq[kh djuk] vkjksi yxkuk] vFkok fdlh izdkj dh pksV ;k ?kko nsuk lfEefyr gSaA ?kjsyw fgalk fdlh Hkh tkfr] vk;q]  fyax] /keZ ds lkFk gks ldrh gSaA ;g mu tksM+ks ds lkFk gks ldrh gS tks fookfgr gks] lkFk esa jgrs gksA ?kjsyw fgalk lekt ds fdlh fo”ks’k oxZ ;k Lrj ls lacaf/kr ugha gS cfYd ;g lekt ds lHkh Lrjksa] lHkh “kSf{kd Lrjksa] vkfFkZd Lrjksa esa laHko gks ldrh gSA ?kjsyw fgalk dks jksdus gsrq fof/k izorZu] lekt dY;k.k rFkk LokLF; lqj{kk lsokvksa ds lfEefyr iz;klksa dh vko”;drk gSA bl fn”kk esa dbZ iz;kl fd, Hkh x, gS ijUrq bl fn”kk esa okLrfod ifjorZu lekt dh vPNh lksp] f”k{kk] dMs dkuwu rFkk csgrj fof/k izorZu }kjk ifjorZu ykdj gh laHko gSA

[2] izeq[k “kCn% ?kjsyw fgalk] LokLF; laj{k.k] fof/k izorZu] lekt dY;k.k] vi”kCn iz;ksx

[3] izLrkouk% ?kjsyw fgalk dks ?kjsyw nq:i;ksx] ifr }kjk iRuh ij fd;k x;k nq:i;ksx] ekjihV djuk] ikfjokfjd fgalk] lkFkh ds lkFk dh xbZ fgalk ds :i esa Hkh ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gS tks fdlh laca/k tSls fookg] ifjokj vFkok izse laca/k esa fdlh ,d ds }kjk nwljs lkFkh ds lkFk fd;k x;k gksA vFkkZr~ ?kjsyw fgalk dks “kkjhfjd vkØe.k] Hk;] ySfxd nq:i;ksx] HkkoukRed nq:i;ksx] fu;af=r djuk vFkok gkoh gksuk] vkfFkZd nq:i;ksx vkfn dks lfEefyr djrs gq, dbZ :iks esa ifjHkkf’kr fd;k tk ldrk gSA

“kjkc ihuk rFkk ekufld :Ik ls chekj gksuk bl nq:i;ksx ds lkFk tqMs+ gq, gS rFkk ?kjsyw fgalk dks nwj djus esa orZeku esa cgqr cM+h pqukSrh gSA ?kjsyw fgalk dh igpku] tkx:drk] ifjHkk’kk rFkk nLrkosthdj.k ,d ns”k ls nwljs ns”k esa fHkUu gksrk tkrk gSA ?kjsyw fgalk dsoy “kkjhfjd fgalk rd lhfer ugha gSA ?kjsyw fgalk ls rkRi;Z vkijkf/kd cy iz;ksx] vigj.k] voS/kkfud rjhds ls dSn djuk] ifjihM+u] fNi dj ijs”kku djuk vkfn ls Hkh gSA

[4] ?kjsyw fgalk ds izdkj% lHkh izdkj dh ?kjsyw fgalkvksa dk ,d gh mn~ns”; gksrk gS] ihfM+r [f”kdkj] O;fDr ds Åij fu;a=.k izkIr djukA fgalk djusa okyk viusa ikVZuj [lkFkh] ij “kfDr vkSj fu;a=.k LFkkfir djusa ds fy, cgqr ls gFkdaMs tSls Hk; fn[kkuk] vkjksi yxkuk] ncko cukuk] fdlh ckr ls euk ¼budkj½ djuk vkfn viukrk gSA

?kjsyw fgalk ds fuEufyf[kr izdkj gS%&

[I] “kkjhfjd fgalk% “kkjhfd fgalk esa os dk;Z lfEefyr gksrs gS tks nnZ] ?kko] ;k dksbZ Hkh vU; “kkjhfjd uqdlku mRiUu djrs gSaA blds varxZr ekjuk] ihVuk] rekpk ekjuk] ?kwalk ekjuk] /kDdk nsuk] tyk;k tkuk vkfn ?kVuk,a vkrh gS tks ihfM+r dks “kkjhfjd gkfu igqapkrh gSA “kkjhfjd fgalk ds varxZr dbZ vU; O;ogkj Hkh lfEefyr gS tSls tc vko”;d gks rc mldk mipkj u djokuk] mls lksus u nsuk] ;k vU; os dk;Z tks thou thusa ds fy, vko”;d gS ls jksduk] vFkok ihfM+r dks mldh bPNk ds fo:) dksbZ nok ;k “kjkc ihusa ;k ysusa ij etcwj djuk vkfnA ;fn dksbZ O;fDr fdlh Hkh izdkj dh “kkjhfjd gkfu eglwl dj jgk gS vFkkZr og “kkjhfjd fgalk dk f”kdkj gSA blls nnZ fdlh Hkh Lrj dk gks ldrk gSA

[II] YkSafxd fgalk rFkk oSokfgd cykRdkj% ySafxd fgalk ls rkRi;Z fdlh Hkh ml ifjfLFkfr ls gS tgkW vuSfPNd [uk pkgrs gq, Hkh] yaSfxd fØ;k esa Hkkx ysus ds fy, fdlh izdkj ds cy ;k Hk; dk iz;ksx fd;k tk,A fdlh O;fDr ds lkFk mldh bPNk ds fo:) ySafxd fØ;k djuk] pkgs og mldk lkFkh gks ftlds lkFk ;g laca/k cuk;k tkuk mfpr gks Hkh fgalk dh fØ;k esa lfEefyr gSA

[III] HkkoukRed fgalk% HkkoukRed fgalk [ftls euksoSKkfud vFkok ekufld fgalk Hkh dgk tk ldrk gS] esa cgqr lgh fØ;k,a lfEefyr gS tSls f”kdkj ¼ihfM+r½ dks vdsys esa ;k lkoZtkfud :i ls viekfur djuk] bl ckr dk fu;a=.k djuk fd og O;fDr D;k dj ldrk gS vkSj D;k&D;k ugha] ihfM+r O;fDr ls lwpuk izkIr djuk] ,sls dk;Z djuk ftlls ihfM+r ij ncko cus ;k mls vieku eglwl gks] ihfM+r dks mlds ifjokj vkSj fe=ksa ls vyx djuk] tc ihfM+r O;fDr Lora=rk ;k izlUurk O;Dr djs rks mu yksxksa dks uqdlku igq¡pkus dh ckr djds CySdesy djuk] ihfM+r dks iSls nsus ;k mi;ksx djuds vFkok vU; thou ds fy, vko”;drkvksa dh iwfrZ djus ls budkj djuk vkfnA

HkkoukRed fgalk esa os lHkh fØ;kdyki rFkk dFku lfEefyr gS tks ihfM+r dks ijs”kku djus avFkok mlesa vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk mRiUu djus esa l{ke gksaA ;g O;ogkj ihfM+r dks Lo;a ls iz”u djus ij foo”k djrs gS vFkok og Lo;a dks gh fdlh dks ihfM+r djus dk ftEesnkj ekuus ij foo”k gks tkrk gS vFkok bl dkj.k mls Lo;a ;g yxrk gS fd lHkh mldh xyfr;ksa ds dkj.k gqvk gSA HkkoukRed fgalk ds f”kdkj efgyk ;k iq:’k /khjs&/khjs volkn dk f”kdkj gksusa yxrs gS rFkk blls vkRegR;k dh laHkkouk c<+usa yxrh gS] Hkkstu dh vfu;ferrk rFkk “kjkc tSlh vknr vkfn mRiUu gksrh gSA

HkkoukRed fgalk esa os ekSf[kd ;k “kkfCn ckrsa Hkh lfEefyr gS ftuls ihfM+r ds vkRelEeku] ;k LoewY;ksa dks gkfu igq¡prh gS ;k mldh Lora=rk ij fu;a=.k dk iz;kl fd;k tkrk gSA HkkoukRed fgalk esa Hkk’kk dk iz;ksx Hkh lfEefyr gSA vFkkZr~ fdlh Hkh izdkj ls bl izdkj dh gkfu igq¡pkuk HkkoukRed fgalk ds varxZr vkrk gSA

[IV] vkfFkZd fgalk% vkfFkZd fgalk ls  rkRi;Z gS fd tc ,d O;fDr nwljs lkFkh ds vkfFkZd L=ksrksa ij fu;a=.k djuk pkgsA vkfFkZd fgalk es ihfM+r ds }kjk mi;ksx fd, tkus okyh oLrqvks dk lhekadu djuk] mlds vkfFkZd L=ksrksa dks u’V djusa dk iz;kl djuk] vFkok vkfFkZd cpr vkfn djus ls jksduk lfEefyr gSA ifr ;k iRuh dks vkfFkZd L=ksr cukus ;k pykus ls jksdus dk mn~ns”; ihfM+r dks Lo;a dks lgk;rk djus es l{ke cukusa ls jksduk gksrk gS ¼vkRefuHkZj cuus ls jksduk gksrk gS½ vFkkZr~ mls “kklu djus okys ds Åij vkfFkZd :i ls fuHkZj djuk gksrk gSA blds varxZr f”k{kk izkIr djus ls jksduk] jkstxkj

[5] “kks/k dk;Z dk mn~ns”;% “kks/k dk mn~ns”; ?kjsyw fgalk eqDr lekt gsrq fof/k izorZu] ,oa fof/k fuekZ.k esa lgk;rk iznku djrk gSA “kks/k dk;Z dk ,d vU; mn~ns”; ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkj.kksa dks tkuuk Hkh gSA

[6] “kks/k ifjdYiuk ,oa “kks/k izfof/k% “kks/k ifjdYiuk esa ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgyk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e dks detksj ,oa izHkko ghu ekurs gq, “kks/k izfof/k esa eq[;r% fo”ys’k.kkRed “kks/k i)fr ds }kjk fo”ys’k.kkRed rF;ks dks lR;kfir djus ij iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA

[6] ?kjsyw fgalk ds izHkko%

[I] “kkjhfjd izHkko% VwVh gqbZ gfM~M;kW] flj dh pksV] vakrfjd jDrL=ko vkfn ?kjsyw  fgalk ds dqN “kkjhfjd izHkko gSaA ftUgsa fpfdRldh; lgk;rk rFkk /;ku dh vko”;drk gSA vkFkZjkbfVl] vYlj] isfYod nnZ] ekbxzsu vkfn LokLF; dh leL;k,a ?kjsyw fgalk ds f”kdkj O;fDr ls tqM+h izeq[k leL;k,a gSaA os efgyk,a tks ?kjsyw fgalk dh f”kdkj gksusa ds le; xHkZorh gksrh gS muesa xHkZikr dh laHkkouk ] le; ls iwoZ f”k”kq dk tUe vFkok xHkZLFk f”k”kq dh e`R;q vkfn dh laHkkouk,a c<+ tkrh gSA

[II] euksoSKkfud [ekufld] % os ihfM+r tks fgalk ds ckn gh mUgh O;fDr;ksa ds lkFk jg jgs gS muesa vR;f/kd ruko] Mj rFkk >qa>ykgV ns[kh xbZ gSA volkn Hkh ,d lkekU; leL;k gS tgk¡ ihfM+r O;fDr dks ;g yxrk gS fd og dHkh Hkh fgalk ls eqDr ugha gks ik,xk rFkk yxkrkj bldk f”kdkj curk jgsxkA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd fgalk ds f”kdkj 60%  O;fDr laca/k esa jgusa ds nkSjku vFkok laca/k foPNsn gksus ds ckn volkn dk f”kdkj ;k rks gks pqds gksrs gS ;k blh fLFkfr esa igWqpus a okys gksrs gS ftlls vkRegR;k dh laHkkouk esa o`f) gksrh gSA

       volkn ds lkFk&lkFk ?kjsyw fgalk ls xzflr O;fDr izk;% Hk; vkSj yEcs le; ls pyh vk jgh >q>ykgV dk Hkh vuqHko djrs gS vkSj bUgh ls tqM+h chekfj;ksa dk f”kdkj gksrs gSA ?kjsyw fgalk ds f”kdkj O;fDr;ksa esa lcls vf/kd ik;h tkusa okyh chekjh iksLV VªkWesfVd LVªsl fMlvkMZj (PTSD) gSA

[III] vkfFkZd izHkko% & ,d ckj fgalk djus okys O;fDr ls vyx gksus ds ckn ihfM+r dks ;g le> vkrk gS fd  og fdl gn rd fgalk dk f”kdkj FkhA vkfFkZd fgalk rFkk vdsysiu ds dkj.k ihfM+r O;fDr ds ikl cgqr de iSlk gksrk gS vkSj cgqr de ykssx gksrs gS ftuls og lgk;rk ys ldrk gSA ;g ?kjsyw fgalk ls ihfM+r O;fDr ds jkLrs dh lcls cM+h :dkoV gksrh gS vkSj ;gh og lcls cM+h otg gksrh gS tks ihfM+r dks vius Åij “kklu djus okys ls vyx gksusa ls jksdrh gSA

[8] ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkj.k % ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkj.kksa ds fy, dbZ fl)kUr fn;s x, gSA fgalk blds varxZr dbZ fl)kUr tSls euksoSKkfud fl)kUr tks fd fgalk djusa okys ds O;fDrRo] rFkk ekufld Lrj vkfn dks lekfgr djrk gS] ,ao lkekftd fl)kUr tks ckg~; dkjdks tSls fgalk djus okys O;fDr dk ikfjokfjd ifjos”k] ruko] okrkoj.k] lkekftd Lrj vkfn dks lekfgr djrk gS lfEefyr gaSA dksbZ ,d fl)kUr lHkh ekeyksa ij ykxw ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA ijUrq fQj Hkh ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkj.kksa ds laca/k esa Hkh cgqr ls fl)kUrksa dh ckr dh tk ldrh gS %&

[I]  euksoSKkfud% & euksoSKkfud fl)kUr vijk/kh ds O;fDrRo ds y{k.kksa rFkk ekufld fo”ks’krkvksa ij tksj nsrk gSA O;fDrRo y{k.kksa ls rkRi;Z tSls vpkud rst xqLlk QwVuk] Lo;a ij fu;a=.k dh deh] rFkk Lo;a ds lEeku dh deh vkfn ls gSA  dbZ fl)kUrksa dk ekuuk gS fd lkbdksiSFkksykWth  rFkk vU; O;fDrRo dh leL;k,a ?kjsyw fgalk dk dkj.k gSa rFkk ;g cM+ksa ds LFkku ij cPpksa esa vf/kd ns[kusa dks feyrk gSaA fofHkUu v/;;uksa dk ekuuk gS fd 80%  ?kjsyw fgalk dk dkj.k ;s O;fDrRo laca/kh leL;k,a gSaA

[II]  tyu ;k bZ’;kZ% & efgykvksa ds fo:) ?kjsyw fgalk ds cgqr ls ekeyks esas ;g ik;k x;k gS fd bZ’;kZ dh Hkkouk Hkh bldk ,d dkj.k gksrh gS tc ,d lkFkh ;k rks vfo”oluh; gks vFkok laca/k lekIr djus okyk gksA

[III] O;kogkfjd% & O;okgkfjd fl)kUr O;ogkj fo”ks’kKksa ds v/;;uksa ij vk/kkfjr gSA O;ogkj “kkL=h O;ogkj esa ifjorZu ds vk/kkjHkwr dkj.kksa dk mi;ksx djrs gSaA ;gk¡ O;ogkj fpfdRlk dh vkOk”;drk gksrh gSA O;kogkfjd leL;k dks igpkudj fgalk djusa okys O;fDr dks Lo;a ij fu;a=.k djuk fl[kk;k tkrk gSA

[IV] lkekftd ruko% & tc O;fDr ,sls ifjokj esa jgrk gS tgk¡ ncko c<+rk tk jgk gks rc lkekftd ruko Hkh c<+rk tkrk gSA vR;f/kd vkfFkZd leL;k tSlh leL;k,a ifjokj esa gksus ij ruko c<+rk gS vkSj vkfFkZd ruko mRiUu gksrk gSaA fgalk dsoy ruko ds dkj.k gh mRiUu ugh gksrh cfYd dqN O;fDr;ksa dk ruko ds izfr izfrfØ;k nsusa dk ,d rjhdk Hkh gksrk gSA xjhch esa jg jgs ifjokjksa rFkk ;qxyksa esa c<+rh tckonkfj;ksa c<+rh gqbZ vkfFkZd leL;kvksa ds dkj.k ?kjsyw fgalk vf/kd ns[kus dks feyrh gSA

[V] ekufld chekjh% & cgqr lkjs ekufld dkj.k Hkh ?kjsyw fgalk ds izeq[k dkjd gSA u”khyh nokb;ksa rFkk “kjkc ihus dh vknr] Lo;a ij fu;a=.k dh deh vkfn Hkh ?kjsyw fgalk ds dkjd gSA ;g ik;k x;k gS fd ,d frgkbZ yksx gh bl izdkj ds chekfj;ksa dk f”kdkj gksrs gSaA

[VI] oSokfgd dyg ds fodkj %& vesfjdh euksoSKkfud laLFkku rFkk “kks/k lfefr;ksa us ,d u;s izdkj ds fodkj dh [kkst dh gS tks oSokfgd dyg ds fodkj ds uke ls tkuk tkrk gS tks fd fgalkRed ;k fcuk fgalk okyk gks ldrk gS efgyk iq:’k ds ijs ;g ,d izo`fRr gksrh gS tks iq:’k lkbdksiSFkkykWth dk izHkko gksrh gS ;k “kklu vFkok fu;a=.k djus dh izo`fRr gksrh gSA

[9] ?kjsyw fgalk ds ifj.kke% & ihfM+r O;fDr] vk;q] fgalk dh rhozrk vkfn ds vuqlkj ?kjsyw fgalk ds dbZ ifj.kke gks ldrs gSA yxkrkj Hk; Mj ;k ncko esa jguk ,sls Hkkouk,a gS tks ?kjsyw fgalk ds ifj.kke Lo:i ihfM+r O;fDr ds vareZu  esa mRiUu gksrh gS rFkk og dqf’Br lh gks tkrh gSA ?kjsyw fgalk ds ifj.kkeksa dks fuEu Jsf.k;ksa ds vUrxrZ foHkkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS %& ihfM+r ij LOk;a ij vFkok ifjokj ij iM+us okyk izHkko] lekt ij iM+us okyk izHkko] jk’Vªh; fodkl esa iM+us okyk izHkko vkfnA ^^ihfM+r ij iM+us okys izHkko** dks iqu% iq:’k] efgyk] o`) rFkk cPpksa esa oxhZsd`r fd;k tk ldrkA

[10]  fof/k izorZu% & 1983 esa Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ds lsD”ku 498 & , ds lfEefyr gksus ds ckn ls ?kjsyw fgalk dks fof”k’V nkf.Md vijk/k ds :Ik esa tkuk tkus yxkA ;g /kkjk fookfgr efgyk ij mlds ifr ;k ifjokj okyks ds Øwjrk ds ekeyks ds lkFk dk;Z djrh gS blds }kjk 4 izdkj dh Øwjrkvksa ij dk;Zokgh dh tkrh gS&

¼1½ ,slk vkpj.k ftlds dkj.k dksbZ efgyk vkRegR;k dk iz;kl djsA

¼2½ os dk;Z ftlls efgyk dks dksbZ pksV igq¡ps ;k thou vFkok LokLF; dks [krjk gSA

¼3½ efgyk ;k mlds ifjokj dks dqN lEifRr nsus ds fy;s tcjnLrh djuk 

¼4½ efgyk dks blfy, ifjihfM+r djuk fd og ;k mlds ifjokj okys ek¡xks dks iwjk djus esa l{ke u gks ;k dqN lEifRr u ns jgs gksA

blds fy;s rhu o’kZ dkjkokl rFkk ,d tqekZuk ds :i esa ltk nh tkrh gS ;g vko”;d ugha gS fd f”kdk;r Lo;a efgyk }kjk dh tk;s mlds LFkku ij mlds ifjokj dksbZ lnL; Hkh f”kdk;r ntZ djk ldrk gSA

fof/k ds {ks= esa flfoy vkSj fØfeyu fof/k nksuks esa vf/kd ls vf/kd funkuks dks lfEefyr djus dh vko”;drk gSA lekt esa ?kjsyw fgalk dks jksdus rFkk ?kjsyw fgalk dh f”kdkj efgykvksa dks lqj{kk iznku djus ds fy;s flfoy fof/k ds vUrxZr ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgyk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e rFkk Hkkjr ds lafo/kku ds vUrxZr vuqPNsn 14] 15 rFkk 21 esa iznRr vf/kdkjks dks /;ku esa j[kdj funku nsus pkfg,A efgykvks dh lqj{kk ds fy, i;kZIr fof/kd izko/kku gksus ds ckotwn vkt Hkh efgyk, ?kjsyw fgalk dh f”kdkj gksrh gSA ;g fgalk ?kj ij dk;ZLFky ds Lrj ij gks ldrh gSA U;k;ikfydk us le;≤ ij bu leL;kvks dks nwj djus dk iz;kl djrh gSA fo”kk[kk cuke jktLFkku jkT; ds ekeys esa mPpre U;k;ky; us efgykvks ds lkFk gks jgs ikSus “kks’k.k dks jksdus ds fy, funsZ”kks ds ckotwn Hkh efgykvks dh lqj{kk dh vko”;drk fo|eku gSA

 [11] fu’d’kZ & ?kjsyw fgalk dkuwu ls igys fookfgr L=h ds fy, ifr vkSj mlds ifjokj }kjk ekufld vkSj “kkjhfjd :i ls izrkfMr gksus dh n”kk esa Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjk 498&d lgkjk ysus dk izko/kku gSA ngst fu’ks/k vf/kfu;e 1961 esa o’kZ 1983 esa gq, la”kks/ku ds ckn tksMh xbZ /kkjk 498&d ,d xSj tekurh /kkjk gS ftlds vUrxZr izfrokfn;ks dh fxj¶rkjh rks gks ldrh gS ij ihfMr dks Hkj.k iks’k.k o fuokl tSlh dksbZ lqfo/kk ugh feyrhA tcfd ?kjsyw fgalk dkuwu ds vUrxZr izfrokfn;ks dh fxj¶rkjh ugh gksrh ysfdu ihfMr efgyk dks Hkj.k iks’k.k] fuokl o cPpks dks vLFkkbZ laj{k.k lqfo/kk fey tkrh gSA bu izko/kkuksa ds gksus ds ckotwn ?kjsyw fgalk ls iw.kZr% laj{k.k izkIr ugh gks ik jgk vkSj dMs dkuwu dh vkOk”;drk fo|eku gSA

[12]  lq>ko% & ?kjsyw fgalk ls iw.kZr% laj{k.k vHkh nwjxkeh LoIu gS fdUrq lekt ds fofHkUUk Lrjks] “kklu rFkk fof/k izoZru vkfn ds iz;klksa ls ?kjsyw fgalk esa deh dh tk ldrh gSA bls fUkEu izdkj ls crk;k tk ldrk gS%

¼1½ efgykvks dks muds vf/kdkjks ds fy, f”kf{kr djukA  

¼2½ ?kjsyw fgalk ds fo:) leqnk; fuekZ.k

¼3½ lqjf{kr LFkku] f”k{kk rFkk odkyr dh lqfo/kk iznku djds rFkk ?kjsyw fgalk dh jksdFkke gsrq dk;ZØe cukdjA

¼4½ ?kjsyw fgalk ds vijkf/k;ksa ds fo:) dM+k fu.kZ; rFkk n.M dh O;oLFkk djukA

¼5½ izR;sd efgyk dks fgalk eqDr thou iznku djusa esa lekt dks ;ksxnku iznku djuk pkfg,A

laUnHkZ xzaFk lwph%

¼1½ voLFkh lq/kk% ?kjsyw fgalk ls efgyk laj{k.k vf/kfu;e 2005 bf.M;k ifCyflax dEiuh laLdj.k 2009

¼2½ vgwtk jk; % lkekftd leL;k,sa f}rh; laLdj.k jkor ifCyds”ku ubZ fnYyh

¼3½ mik/;k; t; t; jke % Hkkjr dk lafo/kku lsUVªy yk ,tsUlh f}rh; laLdj.k 1999

¼4½ flg vorkj % Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk 28ok laLdj.k izdk”kd ,MhVksfj;y cksMZ

¼5½ olq nqxkZnkl % Hkkjr dk lafo/kku ,d ifjp; vkBok laLdj.k 203 ok/kok ifCyds”ku ukxiqj

 

TRYOPSTAMBH IN AYURVED

                   =; miLrEHkk bfr & vkgkj% LoIuks czáp;Zfefr

                                  ¼p-lw-11@35½

Introduction: -

          Trya upstambh refers to three pillars. Ahar (Diet) Nidra (Proper sleep) & Brahmacharya (Abstinence) are described as Trya upstambh in ayurveda . They are pillar of human life and are busin of human life. Just three biological humours vata, pitta, & kapha & triguna, satva, rajas & tamas regulate the body and mind respectively ahara, sleep and brahmacharya are essential for promoting healthy life.

(1)  Ahar (Diet): - Ahara stands for balanced diet & in the first and foremost pillar of ayurveda. Balanced diet is one which supplies the human with required amount of protein, fat, vitamin,. Ahara is fundamentally preventive in nature.

Ayurveda is commonly known as science of life & knowledge of proper diet is integral form of ayurvedic dietetics. Ayurveda provides the first approach that can be helpful in creation & maintenance of perfect health & to elevate the symptoms of illness from treatment point of view ayurveda recommends that while diet is not capable of using all the diseases but majority of the diseases can be put under control only by doing adjustment in diet and maintain proper eating habits.

Classification of Ahara: -

          fofo/kekf’kra ihra yh<+a [kkfnra tUrksfgZreUrjfXulU/kqf{krcysu ;Fkk Losuks”e.kk lE;kfXiiP;ekua dkyonuofLFkr loZ/kkrqikdeuqigrloZ/kkrq”e ek:r L=ksr% dsoya ‘kjhjeqip;cyo.kZlq[kk;q”kk ;kst;fr ‘kjhj /krwuwtZ;fr pA

            /kkroks fg /kkRokgkjk% izd`freuqorZUrsA

                                        ¼p-lw-28@3½

-         Charak classifies the food particles in different ways. Diet is one from the point of intake, of two types according to source –animal origin & plant origin according to effect whole some & unwhole some food maybe drinkable, eatable, chewable & lehya according to way of intake. In other context charak has classified food articles into twelve group.

-         Sushruta classifies food in to twenty one groups

According to properties food is of twenty types and of innumerable farities due to abundance of substance their combination & preparation.

-         Kashyapa says that food articles are of five types viz. Akasheeya, Vayavya, Agneya & parthiva.

-         Sharangadhar and Bhavprakasha further classified food into six type viz. Bhojya Bhakshya, charvya, Lehya, Chusya & Peya. It is of six type as per taste.

Diet for different Prakriti: -

          Ayurveda gives due importance to prakriti (body constitution) as far as consideration of food intake is concerned. The three biological humours vata pith & kapha constitute seven type of prakriti. In this universe each and every person is a unique because of heredity, environment, Biochemical structure and mental status. For this apartment reason all the individual cannot have effectiveness of all.

          All the natural and good food items to the same extent every individual should consume a diet verses to his/her predominal biological humors to keep them in state of equilibrium in different seasons.

         

Ayurvedic Dietetics & Individualized approach

          Concept of Ayurvedic dietics is unique in sense of its individualized approach. It considers following factors: -

Ø Combination of food articles.

Ø Doshika status of food articles.

Ø Emotional effect

Ø Environmental consideration

Ø Method of preparation

Ø Nature (Prakriti) of the consumers

Ø Quality

Ø Taste of food articles

Ø Time

Rules in Relation to the intake of Ahara: -

          Charaka Samhita has given 12 rules which should be followed to get maximum effect of food item consumed.

Ø Take warm food

Ø Take uncutuous food

Ø Take in proper quantity

Ø Take only when the previous meal is digested

Ø Take the food not having any contradictory potency.

Ø Take food in proper place equipped with all this accessories.

Ø Take food in relax condition

Ø Not eat too slowly

Ø Avoid taking and laughing during meal.

Ø Take food in prescribed manner.

(2)Nidra (Proper Sleep): -

          According to Ayurveda the state when the mind and body undergo rest. It is known as living body is a sleep. When the mind is effected by tamoguna in the night, the kapha dosha predominates & natural sleep is induced. Kapha humour is related to growth and development of body tissues and enhances the immunity to against diseases.

          In the presence of depression, anxiety, anger or sham rage. Clam sleep is not possible because these Vata which has opposite effect as compared to tamogune sleeping for long time or sleeping late in the morning imbalances the daily routine & has a bad impact on health. Insomnia (Lack of proper sleep) induces, lethargy burning sensation in eyes, head ache and body ache poor sleep effects the routine in bad manner, as it has impact timely on regular bowel movements.

(3)                        Brahmacharya: -

          According to ayurveda seminal fluid is the last dhatu that is formed out of majja or marrow. Ayurveda suggest protecting semen in order to inhance health. That man who uses his physical body only but keeps the intellect and heart undeveloped cannot expect to attain perfect brahmacharya.

          Brahmacharya is the view of celibacy in thought word & ded by which one attains self realization or reaches Brahman. It means control of not only the reproductive indriya but also control of all senses in thought, word & deed. The door to Nirvana or perfection is complete Brahmacharya.

           

vkgkj xzg.k djus ds fu;e ¼vkgkj fof/k½ ,oa mldh mikns;rk

vkgkj xzg.k djus ds fu;e ¼vkgkj fof/k½ ,oa mldh mikns;rk 

izLrkouk (Introduction) %&

     “kjhj dh o`f)] fodkl ,oa {kfr (wear & tear) dh iwfrZ gsrq dksbZ Hkh ;ksX; inkFkZ (Anything edible)  vkgkj dh Js.kh eas vkrk gSA vkgkj ds }kjk “kjhj dks ÅtkZ izkIr gksrh gS] izkf.kek= dks fLFkfr tSls&LoLF; voLFkk vFkok jksxh vFkok xHkZorh efgyk (Pregnant women) ds vuqlkj gh vkgkj dk laxBu (Composition) gksuk pkfg,A i;kZIr iks’k.k LoLF; thou dh cqfu;knh t:jr gSA vkgkj dk larqfyr rjhds ls iz;ksx (Dietary Management) Hkh dHkh&dHkh vius vki esa lEiw.kZ mipkj (Complete treatment) gksrk gSA vktdy dh O;Lr fnup;kZ] le;kHkko ds dkj.k] vkgkj xzg.k izkf.kek= ds fy, ,d dk;Z cudj jg x;k gSA vkgkj xzg.k djus dh vuqfpr fof/k;ksa ;k rjhdksa ds dkj.k gh thou “kSyh lacaf/kr fodkjksa (Life style disorders) dh la[;k fnu&izfrfnu c<+rh tk jgh gSA

     vkgkj xzg.k djus dh mfpr fof/k;ksa dk ikyu fd, fcuk mlls iw.kZr% iks’k.k izkIr ugha fd;k tk ldrk gSA

     vk/kqfud foKku esa Hkh vkgkj ds iw.kZr% ykHk ds fy, vusd rF; fn, x, gSa] ijUrq vk;qosZfnd fof/k;k¡ bl ifjis{; esa vpwd ,oa vewY; gSA

vkpk;Z pjd vuqlkj %&

vkgkj dks izk.k (Life of living organism) dh laKk nh gS ijUrq ;gh vkgkj vxj xyr fof/k;ksa ls xzg.k fd;k tk; rks e`R;q ds leku ?kkrd Hkh gSA

     vr% vkgkj ds mfpr ykHk gsrq vkpk;Z pjd }kjk nh x;h vkgkj fof/k fo/kku dk iz;ksx mfpr gS&

vkgkj fof/k (Rules of Taking food)

**m’.ka fLuX/ka ek=kor~ th.ksZ oh;kZ fo:)e~ b’V ns”ks b’V loksZidj.ka ukfrnqzra ukfr foyfEcre~ vtYiu vglu~ rUeukHkq¥thr~ vkRekuekfHkleh{; lE;d~aAA**

pjd foeku 1@24

1-   m’.ka %& (warm food should be taken)

**Å’.ke”uh;kr~** Å’.k vkgkj dk lsou djuk pkfg,A

vkgkj Å’.k ¼xeZ½ xzg.k djus ls Hkkstu Lokfn’V yxrk gS] ftOgk ,oa eq[kxr L=ksr dh “kqf) gksrh gS] tkBjkfXu iznhIr gksrh gS D;ksafd vkgkj dh Å’.krk ls vfXu dh o`f) **loZnk loZHkkokuka lkekU;a o`f)dkj.ka~ ds fln~/kkUr }kjk gksrh gSA Å’.k vkgkj dk ikpu Hkh “kh?kz gksrk gS] ftlls ÅtkZ dk âkl de gksrk gSA ok;q dk vuqykseu Hkh gksrk gS] tcfd BaMs vkgkj ds ikpu gsrq “kkjhfjd ÅtkZ dh [kir vf/kd ek=k eas gksrh gS] ftlls “kjhj eas FkdkoV mRiUu gksrh gSA vkgkj dh Å’.krk jksxk.kqvksa dk Hkh uk”k djrh gSA

pØikf.k %& ;gk¡ Å’.k vkgkj ls lE;d Å’.k xzg.k djuk pkfg,A

fLuX/ka %&(Food should be unctuous)  

vkgkj eas fLuX/krka gksuk pkfg, ;gka fLuX/krk ls vkgkj ds ?kVd olk (Fat) dks xzg.k fd;k tk ldrk gSA olk ds }kjk ÅtkZ izkIr gksrh gSA lkekU;r% ;g ÅtkZ “kjhj eas lafpr gksrh gS] tc ge O;k;ke djrs gSa rks O;k;ke dh izkjafHkd fLFkfr esa ÅtkZ dkcksZgkbMsªV ls izkIr gksrh gS ijUrq ckn esa “kjhj eas lafpr ÅtkZ] tks olk ls izkIr gksrh gS dk iz;ksx gksus yxrk gS] olk Ropk o ckyksa ds fy, Hkh ykHknk;d gS] foVkfeu ,] Mh] bZ- ds tks olk esa ?kqyu”khy foVkfeu gS “kjhj dh o`f) o fodkl esa vR;Ur mi;ksxh gSA blds vfrfjDr fLuX/k vkgkj vkstkso/kZd Hkh gS vkst dh “kjhj ds cy (Immunity) ls rqyuk dh tkrh gSA fLuX/k vkgkj ls ok;q dk vuqykseu Hkh gksrk gSA blds foijhr :{k vkgkj ls L=ksrksa esa vojks/k mRiUu gksrk gSA blh izdkj HDL ,oa Omega 3-fatty acid Hkh fLuX/k vkgkj ls izkIr gksrs gSa] tks “kjhj ds fy, vR;Ur vko”;d gSA

ek=kor %& (Food in proper quantity/Balanced Diet)

vkgkj ek=kor~ gksuk pkfg, vk;qosZn esa ek=kor~ vkgkj dk funsZ”k ckjEckj fd;k x;k gS blls LokLF;kuqorZu gksrk gS] vk;qo)Zd gS] ;s fcuk fdlh :dkoV ,oa minzo ds vklkuh ls ip tkrk gS ftlls ey fu’Øe.k Hkh Bhd izdkj ls gksrk gS] vk;qosZn esa ek=k dk funsZ”k nks izdkj ls loZxzg (Whole amount) ,oa ifjxzg (amount of individual) crk;k x;k gSA vr% vkgkj fofHkUu izdkj ;k ?kVdkas ls fufeZr lE;d~ ek=k eas gksuk pkfg, ,oa i;kZIr iks’k.k izkIr gks lds blfy, vkgkj dh ek=k vfXu o cy vuqlkj gksuk pkfg,A

**vkgkjek=k iqujfXucykisf{k.khAA**

th.ksZ %& (Intake after digestion of previous meal)-

 iwoZ eas fd;s x;s vkgkj ds th.kZ gks tkus ij vFkkZr tc Hkw[k yxus yxs] “kjhj esa Hkkjhiu u gks okrkuqykseu gks tk;s rc gh iqu% vkgkj xzg.k djuk pkfg, vU;Fkk iwoZor~ Hkkstu ds th.kZ ¼ikpu½ ds iwoZ ¼vth.kZ½ dh fLFkfr esa vkgkj xzg.k djus ls **vke** nks’k dh mRifÙk gksrh gS tks fd vusd O;kf/k;ksa dk dkj.k gSA

oh;kZfo:)e~ %& (Intake of food having no contradictory potencies)-

vkgkj vFkok vkS’k/k dks fØ;kdÙkZRo “kfDr (Potency) dks oh;Z dgk tkrk gS] oh;Z fo:) vkgkj xzg.k djus ls vusd jksx tSls Ropk laca/kh fodkj (Skin disorder) dq’B (Leprosy), jDr laca/kh (Blood disorders)] fodkj] uiqaldrk (Impotency) vkfn dh mRifÙk gksrh gSA vr,o oh;Zvfo:) vkgkj dk gh lsou djsaA

b”Vns’ksb”V loksZidj.ke~ %& (Intake in proper place & with all accessories)

vkgkj eu ds vuqdwy LFkku ij ,oa euksuqdqya lkefxz;ksa ds lkFk xzg.k djuk pkfg, ,slk djus ls ekufld fodkj mRiUu ugha gksrs ,oa “kkjhfjd fodkl ds lkFk&lkFk ekufld fodkl Hkh gksrk gSA euksuqdqy LFkku ;k lkexzh u gksus ij vusd euksfo/kkr dj Hkko tSls dke] Øks/k] ruko (stress) vkfn mRiUu gksrs gSa ftuds vkosx esa vkgkj ek=k ls vf/kd@de xzg.k fd;k tkrk gS ftlls vkgkj dk lE;d~ ikpu ugha gksrk ,oa O;kf/k;ksa ds :Ik esa vusd nq’ifj.kke gekjs lkeus vkrs gSaA

ukfrnzqra  %& (Intake not in hurry)

tYnh&tYnh vkgkj xzg.k ugha djuk pkfg,] ,slk djus ls xzghr vkgkj “okl ekxZ eas pyk tkrk gS ftlls “okl ekxZ esa vojks/k mRiUu gksdj vU; “okl ekxZ laaca/kh chekfj;ka Hkh gks ldrh gSaA vkgkj dks lkekU; xfr ls xzg.k djus ls mlesa ,Utkbe ,oa ykj (Saliva) dk i;kZIr :Ik ls feJ.k gksus ls vkgkj ikpu vPNs ls gksrk gSA tYnh vkgkj xzg.k djus ls mleas mifLFkr xq.k f”kfFky gks tkrs gSa ,oa vkgkj mÙke xq.kksa ls ;qDr gksus ij Hkh “kjhj ij mldk izHkko nks’kdkjd gksrk gSA

ukfrfoyfEcre %&(Intake not too slow)

cgqr foyEc ;k vkjke&vkjke ls vkgkj xzg.k djus ls r`fIr ugha gks ikrh gS rFkk ek=k ls vf/kd vkgkj xzfgr gks tkrk gS] ,oa vkgkj B.Mk Hkh gks tkrk gSA

vtYiuvglurUeukHkq¥thr %&(Intake without talking or laughing and with concentration)

 fcuk gals ,oa ckrphr u djrs gq, eu yxkdj vkgkj xzg.k djuk pkfg, ,slk u djus ls ogha nq’ifj.kke gksrs gSa tks vkgkj tYnh&tYnh xzg.k djus ls mRiUu gksrs gSaA “kq) eu@eu yxkdj Hkkstu djus ls “kjhj ds L=ksrl “kq) gksrs gSa ,oa izk.kok;q dk laogu lE;d~ :Ik ls gksrk gS ftlls Hkkstu dk lE;d~ ikpu gksrk gSA

vkRekuekfHkleh{; Hkq¥thr %&(Intake after analyzing one's need)

vkgkj dh leh{kk dj vFkkZr~ mlesa mifLFkr vkgkj ?kVd nzO; ds “kjhj ij gksus okys vPNs o cqjs izHkkoksa dks tkudj gh vkgkj xzg.k djuk pkfg, thou dh izR;sd vOkLFkk esa iks’k.k dh vko”;drk vyx&vyx gksrh gSA blds vfrfjDr dkSu lk vkgkj gekjs fy, lkRE; ;k vlkRE; gS bu lc ckrksa ij fopkj dj vkgkj xzg.k djuk pkfg, tSls&”kkL=ksa esa nw/k dks ve`r ds leku xq.kdkjh dgk x;k gS fdUrq dqN O;fDr;ksa ds fy, nw/k vuqdwy ugha gksrk gSA

mikns;rk %& (Importance) mijksDr vkgkj fof/k LoHkko ls gh LoLF; ,oa vkrqj ¼jksfx;ksa½ nksuksa ds fy, ykHknk;d gSA mfpr rjhds ls xzg.k fd, vkgkj ls “kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld nksuksa izdkj dh O;kf/k;ksa ls cpko fd;k tk ldrk gSA vktdy cgqr lh “kkjhfjd ,oa ekufld O;kf/k;ksa dk dsoy ,d dkj.k&vuqfpr rjhds ls xzg.k fd;k vkgkj gksrk gS vr% vk/kqfud lekt dks LoLF; j[kus gsrq vkgkj fof/k dk ikyu djuk vR;Ur mikns; gSA

fuR;a fgrkgkjfogkjlsoh leh{kdkjh fo"k;s"olä%--------------------HkoR;jksx% AA

v"Vkax ân; lw= 5@46