e`r ”kks/ku ,oa laj{k.k ;k e`r “kjhj dk “kks/ku vkSj laj{k.k

·       “ko laj{k.k ¼Preservation of dead body½

·       e`r”kks/ku ;k e`rla”kks/ku ;k e`r “kjhj foPNsnu ¼Dissection or practical anatomy½

·       “kjhj ds vax & izR;ax foHkkx] la[;k “kkjhj] O;kdj.k “kkjhj vkfn ds fy, ,d vkSj tgk¡ “kkL= Kku ¼Theoriatical Knowledge½ vko”;d gSA

·       ogha nwljh vksj izR;{k dekZH;kl ds fy, “kkjhj Kku ¼Practical Knowldege½ Hkh mi;ksxh gSA

·       fo”ks’k rkSj ls “kY; “kkL=h ds fy, rks ;g cgqr gh mi;ksxh gSA blfy, “kjhj dk izR;{k Kku djus ds fy, “koPNsnu ¼Dissection½ djuk bruk vklku ugh FkkA

·       vkt ds vk/kqfud ;qx dh vis{kk vkpk;Z lqJqr ds dky esa vkt ls yxHkx lkDead Body½ dk “koPNsnu ¼Dissection½ djuk bruk vklku ugha FkkA

·       vusdksa lk/kuksa dk rFkk ;a= “kL=ksa dk vHkko] “kofoPNsnu x`g ¼Dissection hall½ dk vHkko] lekt dh ikjEifjd jpuk] muds lkekftd fu;e vkfnA buds vuqlkj e`r “kjhj ¼Dead Body½ dks Li”kZ ¼touch½ Hkh vPNk ugha ekuk tkrk FkkA mldk foPNsnu ¼Dissection½ djuk rks ,dne gh fud`’V deZ FkkA

·       vr% ml dky esaa e`r la”kks/ku ,oa laj{k.k dh i)fr viuk;h tkrh Fkh] og vk/kqfud i)fr ls fcYdqy vyx FkhA                              

            

izkphu laj{k.k i)fr

1-    “ko dk laj{k.k] “koPNsnu deZ ls iwoZ gh djuk vko”;d gksrk gSA izkphu dky esa “ko laj{k.k ds vusd mnkgj.k ns[kus dks feyrs gS] ftuls fl) gks tkrk gS fd Hkkjr esa gh ugha vfirq feJ vkfn vU; ns”kksa esa Hkh “ko laj{k.k fof/k lekt esa izpfyr FkhA jkek;.k ,oa egkHkkjr dky bl izek.k dh iqf’V djrs gSaA egkjktk n”kjFk ds e`r “kjhj dks Hkjr ds vkus rd rSy nzks.kh esaa lqjf{kr j[kk FkkA feJ esa Hkh vusd jktk ,oa mPp vf/kdkfj;ksa ds “koksa dks lqjf{kr j[kus ds fy, vkS’kf/k;ksa ds ysi esa lajf{kr fd;k tkrk FkkA ftl LFkku ij “koksa dks lqjf{kr j[kk tkrk Fkk] mUgsa fijkfeM dgk tkrk gSA vkt Hkh fo”o esa Pyramids of Egypts izfl) gSA tgk¡ “krkfCn;ksa iwoZ ds “ko vkt Hkh lajf{kr gSA

2-    lqJqr lafgrk ds “kkjhj LFkku 5@61 esa “kjhj ds vax & izR;axksa dk izR;{k Kku izkIr djus gsrq “ko dks lajf{kr djuk rFkk mlds ckn “kOkPNsnu dk fo/kku crk;k gSA

^^rLekr~ leLrxkefo’kksigrenh?kZO;kf/kihfM+reo’kZ”khrda fu% l`’VkU=iqjh’ka iq:’ke&ogUR;keki xk;ka fuc)a i$jLFka eq$oYdydq”k”k.kknhukeU;resukosf’VrkcizR; ceizdk”ks ns”ks dksFk;sr~] lE;d~ izdqfFkra pksn~/k`R; rrks nsga lIrjk=knq”khjckyos.kqoYdydwpkZukeU;resu “kuS% “kuSjo?k’kZ;aLroxknhu~ lofuo ckákH;kUrjkcfo”ks’kku~~ ;Fkksäku~ y{k;sPp{kq’kkAA**

¼lq-“kk- 5@61½

“ko laj{k.k ,oa “koPNsnu dh i)fr &

vr% “kjhjxr vax&izR;a{k Kku izkIr djus ds fy,] ftlds “kjhj esa lEiw.kZ vax&izR;ca gks] ftldh e`R;q fo’k ¼Poison½ ls u gqbZ gks] tks nh?kZdky rd O;kf/k ls ihfM+r u gqvk gks] ftldh vk;q lkS o’kZ ls de gks] “kjhj ij yxk gqvk vkU=xr ey lkQ fd;k x;k gks] ,sls e`r “kjhj dks rsth ls u cgus okyh unh esa] fi$js esa ck¡/kdj] eq$ ¼o`{kksa dh Nky½ oYdy ¼isM+ dk fNydk½] dq”k] lu ¼”k.k½ buesa ls fdlh ,d oLrq ls vax&izR;axksa dks yisVdj vizdV LFkku ¼vU/ksjs½ esaa lM+kosaA fQj lkr fnu ds ckn Hkyh & Hkk¡fr lMs+ gq, ml e`r “kjhj dks unh ls ckgj fudkydj fi$js rFkk eq$kfn vkoj.k dks gVkdj] m”khj ¼[kl½] cky] os.kq ¼ckal½] oYdy ¼o`{k dh Nky½] buesa ls fdlh ,d ls rS;kj dh gqbZ dw¡ph ls /khjs & /khjs [kqjprs ¼f?klrs½ gq, iwoksZDr lc Ropkvksa dks cká rFkk vkH;kUrj vax & izR;axksa ds vk¡[kksa ls ns[ksaA

^^u “kD;z{kq’kk nz’Vqa nsgs lw{ereks foHkq%A n`”;rs Kku p{kqfHkZLri{kqfHkZjso pAA**

¼lq-“kk- 5@62½

bruk djus ij Hkh vkpk;Z &lqJqr dgrs gSa] fd “kjhj esa tks Hkh lw{e ls lw{e jpuk,¡ gSa] mUgsa ge viuh vk¡[kks ls ¼peZ p{kq = Naked eye ½ ugha ns[k ldrs] blfy, ,slh lw{e jpukvksa dk Kku xqq: ;k vkpk;Z }kjk gh izkIr gks ldrk gSA vFkkZr~ Kku p{kq ¼ riz{kq] fnO;p{kq] Microscope , lens, magnifying glass½ ls ns[kuk pkfg,A

vk;qosZn ds vuq”kkj

   vkpkZ; lqJqr ds le; esa laj{k.k ,oa e`r”kks/ku i)fr

1-   laj{k.k ls iwoZ e`r “kjhj dh ijh{kk o lko/kkfu;k¡ ;k iwoZdeZ&                                

&ftl “ko esa iw.kZ vax & izR;ax gksaA

&ftldh e`r;q nh/kZdkyhu O;kf/k;ksa ls u gqbZ gksA             

&ftldh e`R;q fo’k iz;ksx ls u gqbZ gksA

&ftldh vk;q lkS o’kZ ls de gksA

                               

2-       laj{k.k fof/k ¼ Preparation of the dead body½&                      ,sls e`r “kjhj dks eawt] Nky] dq”k vFkok “k.k vkfn ds }kjk HkyhHkk¡fr yisVdj] fiatjs esa j[kdj rst u cgus okyh unh ds ty esa Mqcksdj ck¡/k nsuk pkfg,A

3-    “koPNsnu ¼ Dissection½&                                          lkr fnu ckn HkyhHkk¡fr Qwys gq, “ko dks unh ls ckgj fudkydj vkSj fijs rFkk eawt vkfn ds vkoj.k dks gVkdj [kl] ckal] Nky vFkok ckyksa }kjk fufeZZZr dwph ls /khjs&/khjs ?k’kZ.k dj] Ropk vkfn  cká vkSj vkH;Urj vax& izR;axks dks izR;{k djuk pkfg,A bl fof/k dks ge vdud “koNsnu ¼ Blunt disseection½ ds uke ls tku ldrs gSA tks lw{e jpuk dks Hkh fcuk {kfr ds ns[kus ;s [kkst ysus dh loksZŸke fof/k gSA mi;qZDr fof/k ls peZp{kqvksa }kjk “kjhj ds LFkwy vax& izR;axks dk ns[k lduk rks lEHko gS] ijUrq “kjhjxr lw{e Hkkoksa dk Kku riz{kqvksa }kjk gh lEHko gSA

vk/kqfud ds vuq”kkj

vk/kqfud le; esa laj{k.k ,oa e`r”kk/ku i)fr

vk/kqfud ;qx esa fofHkUu “kkL=ksa esa tks mUufr gqbZ] mlds vuqlkj e`r”kjhj dss laj{k.k rFkk jatu dh O;oLFkk dk Hkh vkfo’dkj gqvkA vr% vkt “ko laj{k.k ds fy, gesa fdlh unh dh ryk”k djuk vko”;d ugha gSA foKku dh izxfr ds dkj.k] vkt ge e`r “kjhj izkIr djus ij] “koPNsnu x`g esa lwfpos/k }kjk mlesa laj{kd nzo Hkj nsrs gSA ftlls og e`r “kjhj lM- ugha ldrk vkSj “ko dh fofHkUu vUrjZpuk,¡ u’V ugha gksrhA rFkk jatd¼ St½ nzo Hkh “kjhj esa izfo’V fd;k tkrk gSA ftlls /keuh]fljk vkfn jpukvksa ls lqyHkrk ls O;oPNsn dj ldrs gSA

                          

laj{k.k ls iwoZ e`r “kjhj dh ijh{kk o lko/kkfu;k¡ ;k iwoZdeZ&

1-    bl izfdz;k esa e`R;q gksrs gh “o dks xzg.k djds lajf{kr dj fy;k tkrk gSA’khrdky esa e`R;q gksus ds le; ls ysdj yxHkx 30 ?k.Vs rd “ko esa nwf’kr ifjorZu ugha gksrsA xzh’edky esa e`R;q gksrs gh “ko ds ckgj cQZ yxk nsuh pkfg,] yxHkx  24 ?k.Vs rd “ko esa nwdf’kr ifjorZu ugha gksrsA

2-    ftl “ko esa iw.kZ vax&izR;ax gksaA

3-    vax&izR;ax dVs&QVs u gksA

4-    ftldh e`R;q nh?kZdkyhu O;kf/k;ksa ls u gksA

5-    e`r “kjhj fdlh ladzed jksx ls ihfM++++++++r u gksA

6-    ftldh e`R;q fo’k iz;ksx ls u gksA

7-    Post-mirtem dh gqbZ Bodyu gksA

8-    ftldh vk;q yxHkx 55&60 o’kZ ls vf/kd u gksA     

j{kd nzO; ¼ Preservative fluid½&

·        Carbolic acid or Phenol               1lt.

·        Formaline                                  4 lt.

·        Glycerine                                         2lt.

·        Sprit                                                  3lt.

·        Terpentine oil                                   300ml.

·        Water                                                 3lt

·       jatd nzO; ¼Stanining fluid½&

·        Red lead                                              200mg

·        Water                                                  2lt.

             bu lHkh dks feykdj laj{kd nzo rS;kj djrs gSA

nzo laj{k.k igpku &

1-     tcFormalin dh Smell “ko dh ukfldk¼ Nose½ vkSj dkuks (Ears)esa vkus yxsA

2-     yykV ¼Fore head ½  ,oa vaxqfy;ksa ds vfUre ioksZa ds vxzh Hkkx ¼ Head of distal phalanx½ esa vky fiu ls Hksnu ij nzo fjlus yxsA

jatu ¼ Staining½&

laj{k.k izzfdz;k ds lkr fnu ckn /keuh laLFkku dks fojaftr djuk pkfg,A

·        Red lead -200 mg.       

·        water -2lt.

laj{k.k fof/k&

e`r “kjhj dks “koPNsnu d{k ¼Dissection hall ½esa “koPNsnu est ij mu fLFkfr esa ysVkdj mlds nf{k.k ;k oke Hkkx esa vkSj ds chp gksrk gSA mlds uhps yxkrs gSaA ogk¡ feyrh gS] ftlds vUnj esa vkSj eas feyrh gSA ds }kjk ge esa igq¡pkdj dk djrs gaS A ;k ls dks djrs gSA

(I)  Ant. sup. iliac spine-Inguinal ligament –Pubic tuberele

Below 4cm. cut

Femoral sheath

Femoral A.( Lateral side )

Femorel V.(Medial side )

(II) Arch of aorta

 

Brachio cephalic         A. lt. commo carotid         A. lt. subclavian A.

laj{k.k djrs le; lko/kkfu;k¡ &

1- ukd]dku ,oa xqnk vkfn ds ekxksZa esa :bZ ¼ Cotton½Hkj nsuh pkfg, rkfd nzo ckgj u fudy ldsA

2.Femorol artery Canula Direction igys Åij dh vksj gksuh pkfg, vkSj tc yxHkx ,d yh- Preservative fluid “ks’k jgs Canula dh uhps dh Direction vksj dj nsuh pkfg,Aftlls lEiw.kZ e`r “kjhj esa Presrvative fluid vPNh rjg igq¡p tk;sA

“koPNsnu ¼ Dissection½ &

laj{k.k ,oaaa¼Preservation and staining½ ds iw.kZ gks tkus ds ckn “koPNsnu d{k¼Dissection hall½ esa “koPNsnu¼Dissection½ dk dk;Z izzjEHk djrs gSA

e`r”kks/ku dk egRo ¼Importance of dissection½&

1-    “kkjhjd vo;oksa dh x.kuk gsrqA

2-    vax&izR;ax dh jpuk dh n`f’V ls Kku gsrqA

3-    fofHkUu vo;oksa ds voLFkkuqlkj ifjorZu ,oa mudh fLFkfr ¼Position½ ds Kku gsrqA

4-    fpfdRlk ,oa “kY; deZ esa lQyrk izkfIr gsrqA

5-    e`r “kjhj vo;koksa ds Kku ls thfor izk.kh dh izfdz;kvksaa ds Kku gsrqA

6-    “kjhj fdz;k] “kjhj jpuk ,oa “kY; “kkL= ds Kku gsrqA

7-    O;ogkj vk;qosZn ,oa fof/koS|d ds Kku gsrqA

8-    lS)kafrd Kku ds lkFk fdz;kRed Kku izkfIr gsrqA

bl izdkj ge fu%lansg dg ldrs gSa fd e`r”kks/ku dk ,d fpfdRld ds fy, fpfdRlk gsrq Kku izkIr djuk egRoiw.kZ gSA