14-Month-Old Baby Checklist and Tips

• Keep giving your 14-month-old a child-size cup, spoon and/or fork to practice using them during mealtime. It might be messy now, but give your kid time to get the hang of them.
• Your mini-me may be digging into—and emptying—everything in reach (boxes, bags, trash cans, your purse). Keep anything messy or dangerous out of reach.
• Make clean-up fun by putting on some music and singing together while you put toys away together.
• Set aside time for reading, singing and playing with your 14-month-old baby every day. This is not only fun for them, it’s enjoyable for you too! What’s more, these activities help your little one learn new words and will get them closer to hitting all those 14-month-old milestones.
• Climbing is all the rage at 14 months old. Find a safe and age-appropriate playground to take your little to. Also make sure that furniture and other climbable items at home are secure.
• Keep baby in a rear-facing car seat until they are 2 years old or reach the weight and height limit for their specific car seat.
• Be consistent with your 14-month-old’s dental care. Brush baby’s teeth with a soft, child-size toothbrush and a dab of fluoride children’s toothpaste the size of a grain of rice. Your child likely had their first dental visit when they turned one.
• Protect baby’s skin and eyes when you play outside by encouraging them to wear a protective hat and applying sunscreen to their delicate skin; apply it 15 minutes before heading outside and every two hours while outdoors.

Your 14-month-old is a mini mover and shaker. They’ve got places to go, people to see and skills to master. Enjoy this exciting period of development; your toddler is growing up fast!

Helping your toddler’s development

 

To help your toddler develop in this period and reach the milestones in the normal range, you can:

• show lots of warmth and love with hugs and kisses

• play with them, using objects such as blocks, plastic containers and pegs, or parts of the body, such as in peek-a-boo

• play with them in a pretend way, such as pretending to drink a cup of tea, or playing with dolls

• talk to them — name things that you’re using and are in contact with such as furniture, colours and people’s names

• read, sing nursery rhymes and sing songs

• encourage skills such as using a spoon and drinking from a cup (and understand that it will be messy for a while)

• encourage them to walk and explore, but stay close so they feel safe

• encourage play with other children, but be conscious that ‘sharing’ is not a concept they will understand yet (although ‘mine’ certainly is)

• Feed them a variety of healthy foods including different colours and soft textures (such as cooked vegetables or fruit, eggs)

Read about play and exercise.

Helping your toddler’s development

To help your toddler develop in this period and reach the milestones in the normal range, you can:

• show lots of warmth and love with hugs and kisses

• play with them, using objects such as blocks, plastic containers and pegs, or parts of the body, such as in peek-a-boo

• play with them in a pretend way, such as pretending to drink a cup of tea, or playing with dolls

• talk to them — name things that you’re using and are in contact with such as furniture, colours and people’s names

• read, sing nursery rhymes and sing songs

• encourage skills such as using a spoon and drinking from a cup (and understand that it will be messy for a while)

• encourage them to walk and explore, but stay close so they feel safe

• encourage play with other children, but be conscious that ‘sharing’ is not a concept they will understand yet (although ‘mine’ certainly is)

• Feed them a variety of healthy foods including different colours and soft textures (such as cooked vegetables or fruit, eggs)

Read about play and exercise.

Development milestones - your child 12 to 18 months

What are development milestones in toddlers?

By the time children reach 12 months of age, they are considered to be ‘toddlers’. While toddlers can vary in their size shape and personality, there is a well-defined time frame over which most toddlers will reach their developmental milestones.

Just like babies, toddlers develop and reach these milestones when they feel safe and loved. Toddlers also need plenty of sleep and a variety of healthy foods. Try to make sure your child gets 11 to 14 hours of sleep over a 24-hour period spread over a long sleep overnight and 1 to 2 shorter sleeps during the day.

If you have any concerns about whether your child is reaching these milestones within an expected period, talk to your doctor or a child health nurse.

Physical and skills milestones

Your toddler may be able to stand up without help from you or other support between 12 and 15 months. Once they can stand, they soon start to explore more.

Many toddlers start walking on their own between 12 and 15 months but it is normal for others to start walking at 15 to 18 months. With practice, they may even start climbing stairs or on furniture and start running. Toddlers are very busy, active and curious about the world they live in. Your toddler may start to dance in place to music, kick and throw a ball, scribble and finger feed more efficiently during this time.

12-15 months

Between 12 and 15 months, toddlers learn a lot about their world by shaking and banging things and putting them together in piles or towers then knocking them apart.

They may be able to point to the people and things they know when you ask them.

Your toddler may start to drink from a cup and continue to improve in self feeding by picking up different types and textures of food.

15-18 months

By 18 months, most toddlers have a lot more control over their hand and arm movements and may try to help you dress them.

Your toddler may attempt skills such as using a pencil or spoon, or drinking from a cup. They will also gain more control of the movements needed for those skills that will enable them to start picking up very small objects, such as small stones or parts of toys. It is very important to watch what your toddler picks up in case they try to swallow it or put it in their ear or nose.

Emotional milestones

At 12 months, your toddler will have well developed emotional attachments to people and start to show them affection. Usually at about 14 months, they will start to feel separation anxiety when they are fearful of being separated from you.

Some toddlers start to throw temper tantrums.

12-15 months

Your toddler will start to understand how others feel — for example, by looking sad if someone near them appears sad or is crying.

15-18 months

Your toddler may begin to become self-aware and show signs of embarrassment if people are watching them.

Thinking and communication milestones

You’ve probably noticed for several months that your baby seems to ‘babble’. Now you’ll start to hear real words among the grunts, nods and pointing. There may be 1 or 2 words at about 12 months, increasing to 6 or more words by 18 months.

By 18 months, your toddler will know the purpose of some things, such as phones and brushes.

12-15 months

Between 12 and 15 months, your toddler will also begin to:

hug you

point to body parts or favourite things when you name them

follow simple instructions — if you ask them to give you something and hold out your hand, they will most likely do it

15-18 months

Between 15 and 18 months, toddlers are able to recognise their own names. By 18 months, they can understand and follow simple instructions such as fetching something from another room without needing to be prompted by gestures.

By 18 months, your toddler may recognise themselves in the mirror.

Read about helping your toddler learn to talk.

Helping your toddler’s development

To help your toddler develop in this period and reach the milestones in the normal range, you can:

Infant development: Milestones from 10 to 12 months

 

• Improved motor skills. Most babies this age can sit without help and pull themselves to a standing position. Creeping, crawling and walking while holding onto furniture will eventually lead to walking without support. By 12 months, many babies might take their first steps without support.
• Better hand-eye coordination. Most babies this age can feed themselves finger foods, grasping items between the thumb and forefinger. They might also be able to use a spoon. Your baby might delight in banging blocks together, placing objects in a container and taking them out, as well as poking things with a finger.
• Evolving language. Most babies this age respond to simple verbal requests. Your baby might become skilled at gestures, such as shaking the head no or waving bye-bye. Expect your baby's babbling to take on a new tone and evolve to words such as "dada" and "mama." You might hear certain exclamations, such as "uh-oh!"
• New cognitive skills. A baby's understanding that objects exist even when they're hidden will likely improve. This is called object permanence. Babies at this age can easily find hidden objects. Although your baby might cry when you leave the room, your baby will likely begin to realize that you still exist even when you're out of sight. You might find your baby imitating you by pushing buttons on the remote control or "talking" on the phone.

Promoting your baby's development

For most babies this age, their curiosity is growing, and your baby is able to move faster than before. An interesting and safe environment can help babies at this age keep learning.

• Create an exploration-safe environment. Move anything out of reach that could be poisonous, pose a choking hazard or break into small pieces. Cover electrical outlets and use stairway gates. Gates between rooms can help keep your fast-moving baby in safe areas too. Install child locks on doors and cabinets. If you have furniture with sharp edges, pad the corners or remove it from areas where your baby plays. The same goes for lightweight objects your baby might use to pull up to a standing position, such as plant stands and small tables. Anchor bookcases, televisions and their stands to the wall.
• Snuggle up and read. Set aside time for reading every day even if it's only a few minutes. At this age, your baby might love books with flaps, textures or activities. Make your reading more interesting by adding facial expressions, sound effects and voices for characters.
• Keep conversations going. Talk to your baby whenever you can and give your child a chance to reply. Using adult speech, not baby talk, teaches your baby to imitate words correctly. And using all the languages your family speaks helps your child learn them at the same time.
• Set limits. Babies don't have a sense of right or wrong. Praise your baby for good choices. Steer your baby away from unsafe situations. Use a calm no if your baby hurts others. Explain calmly why the action isn't OK, and then redirect your baby's attention.

When something's not right

Your baby might reach some developmental milestones ahead of schedule and lag behind a bit on others. It's a good idea, however, to be aware of the signs or symptoms of a problem.

Consult your baby's health care provider if you're concerned about your baby's development or your baby:

• Does not crawl or consistently drags one side of the body while crawling.
• Cannot stand with help.
• Does not use gestures, such as waving or shaking the head.
• Does not babble or attempt words such as "mama" or "dada."
• Does not search for objects that are hidden while your baby watches.
• Does not point to objects or pictures.

 

ANAL CANAL

  Anal canal is the terminal part of large intestine. It is situated below the level of pelvic diaphragm, lies in anal triangle of perineum between right and left ischiorectal fossae. Length, extent and direction:- Anal canal is 3.8 to 4 cm. in length and extends from anorectal junction to anus and directed downwards and forwards. Though it is only 3.8 cm. long it is of greatest surgical importance because of its role in the mechanism of rectal continence and because it is prone to harbour certain diseases, for these reason its anatomy and closely related levator ani muscle require to be considered in detail. In normal living subject the anal canal is completely collapsed owing to tonic contracture of the anal sphincter and the anal orifice, it is represented by an anterioposterior slit situated in midline. Posteriorly the canal is related to coccyx with a certain amount of fibrous fatty and muscle lining intervening known as “Anococcygeal” ligament. Laterally there is ischiorectal fossa on either sides which is ladened with fat and inferior haemorrhoidal vessel and nerve which crosses it to enter the wall of the canal. 34 Anteriorly in male the canal is related to the (1) central point of perineum i.e. the perineal body (2) Bulb of the urethra and posterior border of urogenital diaphragm (triangular ligament) containing the membranous urethra. In Female the canal is related in front to (1) Perineal body and (2) lowest part of posterior vaginal wall. Anal canal musculature:- The anal wall is surrounded by complex of anal sphincters. 1) Internal sphincter:- This is involuntary muscle and thickened muscle coat of rectum, commence where the rectum, pass through pelvic diaphragm and ends at the anal orifice. It surrounds the upper 3/4th of anal canal i.e. 3 cm. long and ends at intersphincteric groove. The fibres are pearly white and runs transversally. 2) Conjoint longitudinal muscle:- It lies between the external and internal sphincter and is formed by fusion of the puborectalis with longitudinal muscle coat of rectum and anorectal junction. At lower level it becomes fibroelastic and spread out fanwise piercing the subcutaneous part of external sphincter and attaches to skin around the anus. Most lateral of these form the perianal fascia. 3) External sphincter:- It is striated muscle covering whole length of the anal canal and at lower end placed little below the internal sphincter and has three parts viz. subcutaneous, superficial and deep. 35 i) Subcutaneous:- Lies below level of internal sphincter and surrounds lower part of anal canal. It is 15 mm. broad and has no bone attachment. ii) Superficial:- It is elliptical in shape and arises from posterior surface of the terminal segment of coccyx and the anococcygeal ligament or raphe. The fibres surround the lower part of the internal sphincter and are inserted into perineal body. iii) Deep part:- Surrounds the upper part of internal sphincter and fused with puborectalis it has no bone attachment. Internal of anal canal It can be divided into three parts i) Upper part about 15 mm. long ii) Middle part of about 15 mm. long iii) Lower part of about 8 mm. long I) Upper mucosal part:- The mucosa is thrown into 8-14 longitudinal folds known as anal columns or column of Morgagni. Lower end of each column are united to each other by short transverse fold of mucous membrane and is called Anal valves. Above each valve there is depression in mucosa which is called as anal sinus. The anal valves together form a transverse line that run all round the anal canal and is known as pectinate line, it is situated just opposite the internal sphincter. The pectinate line is also known as Dentate line because of serrated fringe produced by the valves. 36 Pecten = Cock‟s comb ( Latin ) Dentate = Toothed ( Latin ) II) Middle part or Transitional zone of Pecten:- It is about 15 mm. and lined by mucous membrane but anal columns are absent. It has bluish appearance because of dense venous plexus that lies between it and muscle coat. The mucosa is mobile than in upper part of anal canal, it is devoid of sweat glands. III) Lower cutaneous part:- It is about 8 mm. long and is lined by true skin containing sweat and sebaceous gland. The Dentate line or Pectinate line:- It is the most important landmark both pathologically and surgically, it represents 1) The site of fusion of the proctoderm and post allantoic gut. 2) The position of the anal membrane remnants of which frequently may be seen as anal papillae situated on the free margin of the anal valves. Anatomical and Surgical importance of the Dentate line:- 1) It forms the embryological watershed between visceral structure above and somatic structure below. 2) The mucosa above the line has autonomic nerve supply and is thus insensitive to cutting and pricking where as the skin and mucosa below is supplied by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve and is actually sensitive to these stimulii. 3) The anal glands open into the anal sinuses above the anal valve at this level. Infection in an anal gland may lead to an anal abscess which may extend into ischiorectal space and perianal space. 37 4) In the finer control of continence stimulation of nerve endings in the region of the dentate line may initiate reflex or voluantry changes on sphincter tone. The Dentate line seperates:- Above Below Cubical epithelium Squamous epithelium Autonomic nerve Spinal nerve (Pain insensitive) (Very much pain sensitive) i.e. Pudendal nerve Portal venous system Systemic venous system The anal valve of Ball:- The anal valves of Ball are a series of transversally placed semilunar folds linking the columns of Morgagni, they lie along and actually constitute the wavieness of the dentate line. Crypts of Morgagni:- These are small pockets between inferior extremities of the colums of Morgagni about 8 to 14 in number most of them are situated at posterior side and each open into anal glands by a narrow duct called anal duct, this duct bifurcate and pass to enter the internal sphincter muscle where there is ampulla. Infection of an anal gland can give rise to an abscess. Anorectal ring:- It is a muscular ring present at anorectal junction and is formed by fusion of upper end of external and internal sphincter and puborectalis it is more marked posteriorly and laterally than anteriorly. Surgical division of this ring results in rectal incontinence. 38 Arterial supply:- 1) The part above pectinate line is supplied by superior rectal artery. 2) Below pectinate line it is supplied by inferior rectal artery. Venous drainage:- 1) The internal rectal venous plexus or haemorrhoidal plexus lies in submucosa of the anal canal,it drains into superior rectal vein but communicates freely with external plexus i.e. middle and inferior rectal vein and thus is an important site of communication on between portal and systemic veins. Veins present in the three anal columns situated at 3,7 and 11o clock position as seen in the lithotomy position and is site for formation of primary internal piles 2) The external rectal venous plexus lies out side the muscular coat of the rectum and anal canal and communicates freely with internal plexus and is drained by internal rectal vein into pudendal vein. 3) The middle rectal vein drains inta internal iliac vein. 4) The anal veins are arranged radially around the anal margin, they communicate with internal rectal plexus and inferior rectal vein. Excessive straining during defecation may rupture one of these veins subcutaneous perianal haematoma known as external piles. Nerve supply:- 1) Above the pectinate line the anal canal is surrounded by autonomic nerve both sympathetic ( inferior hypogastric plexus 4 to 12) and parasympathetic (pelvic splanchanic S 2, 3 and 4) nerves. 2) Below the pectinate line it is supplied by somatic ( inferior rectal S 2,3 and 4) nerve. 39 3) The internal sphincter is contracted by sympathetic and relaxed by parasympathetic nerve. 4) The external sphincter is supplied by inferior rectal and perineal branch of S4 nerve. Pelvic diaphragm:- It supports the rectum and other pelvic organ and prevents prolapsed of pelvic organ, it is formed by levator ani and coccygeous muscle. I) The levator ani:- It forms the pelvic diaphragm supporting pelvic viscera. The structures passing through pelvic diaphragm lies within the sling of puborectalis muscle. It arises in continuity from pelvic bone in front and thickened obturator fascia and ischial spine, it is inserted into coccyx and anocccygeal ligament posteriorly. II) Coccygeous muscle:- It forms posterior part of pelvic floor; it‟s under surface being continuous with sacro coccygeal ligament. PHYISIOLOGY OF ANO RECTAL CANAL Mechanism of defecation Defecation:- Defecation is an act of emptying the distal colon from the spleenic flexure through the anal orifice into exterior, which is a reflex process. The mechanism of defecation plays an important role in the development of haemorrhoids, if there is any alteration in the process of normal defecation there are more chances of 40 development of haemorrhoids. The main function of the rectum and anal canal is to expel the faeces which is present in the terminal part of alimentary canal viz. the descending colon. Defecation is a complex reflex mechanism which is under voluntary control of cerebral cortex at least in the ordinary condition of life, usually the rectum is empty in normal individual and contain faeces in cases of chronic constipation the urge of defecation occur after the stimulus to the initiation of the distension of rectum. It is likely that a summation of impulse is necessary to achive consciousness of a certain level of filling of rectum together with conditional reflex at the habitual time of the day. Apart from the cerebral cortex there is a center in lumbo sacral region of spinal cord. The reflex centre for defecation is located in hypothalamus, lower lumbar and upper sacral segment of spinal cord and ganglionic plexus of the gut. The reflex is initiated by rise in intra luminal pressure pressure of about 20 to 25 cm. of water in rectum containing pressure receptors which not only detects increase of pressure but also differentiate whether the increase in pressure is due to gas, liquid or solid substance. A factor of prime importance in beginning of the act is the assumption of the squatting position which straightens out the angulation between the rectum and anal canal which facilitates emptying of the rectum. The pelvic floor descends and the physical forces in the anal canal are overcome by intra abdominal pressure. After the main mass of the faeces has passed through the anal canal muscles regain activity and finally discharge the stool.

Helping baby development at 11-12 months

 Here are simple things you can do to help your baby’s development at this age:

 

Talk to your baby: you can help your baby understand what words mean by chatting as you do everyday activities like bathing your baby or changing nappies. Your baby is interested in conversation, so the more talk the better!

Respond to ‘dada’, ‘mama’ and other words: give meaning to your baby’s talking by listening and talking back. This encourages conversation and builds your baby’s communication skills.

Play together: give your baby toys that encourage imagination and creativity, like blocks and cardboard boxes. Paints are also fun – but be prepared for some mess! Playing together helps your baby feel loved and secure.

Spend time playing outdoors: being out and about with you gives your baby many different experiences – there’s so much to see, smell, hear and touch. When you’re outside, remember to be safe in the sun.

Read with your baby: you can encourage your baby’s talking and imagination by reading together, telling stories, singing songs and reciting nursery rhymes. These activities also help your baby learn to read as they get older.

Encourage moving: moving and exploring build your baby’s muscle strength. This is important for more complex movements like pulling to stand and walking.

Feed your baby healthy food: your baby probably enjoys finger food, which is also good for developing their fine motor skills. Make sure your baby sits while they’re eating – this can help to prevent choking.

10-11 महीने में, बच्चे बहुत बड़बड़ा रहे हैं। आप शायद पहला शब्द भी सुन सकते हैं।

बच्चे फर्नीचर के चारों ओर घूम सकते हैं, छिपी हुई वस्तुओं को ढूंढ सकते हैं, चीजों को उठा सकते हैं और बहुत कुछ कर सकते हैं।

बात करने और सुनने, गाने, पढ़ने, एक साथ खेलने और आंदोलन को प्रोत्साहित करके बच्चे के विकास में सहायता करें।

यदि आप बच्चे के विकास के बारे में चिंतित हैं या आपको सहायता की आवश्यकता है, तो अपने जीपी या बच्चे और परिवार स्वास्थ्य नर्स से बात करें।

10-11 महीने में शिशु का विकास: क्या हो रहा है

आपका शिशु बातचीत में बहुत रुचि रखता है। आप अक्सर इस उम्र के आसपास बच्चे का पहला शब्द सुनेंगे । बच्चा अभी भी मुख्य रूप से बड़बड़ा रहा है लेकिन 1-2 शब्दों को समझने की कोशिश कर सकता है, विशेष रूप से 'दादा' या 'माँ'।

लेकिन यदि आपका शिशु अभी तक बात नहीं कर रहा है, तब भी वह हाथ हिलाने और इशारा करने जैसी शारीरिक भाषा का उपयोग करके आपसे संवाद करेगा। जब आपका बच्चा 'नहीं' सुनता है तो वह जो कर रहा होता है उसे भी रोक देता है। और आपका शिशु सरल निर्देशों का जवाब दे सकता है, खासकर जब आप दृश्य संकेतों का उपयोग करते हैं। उदाहरण के लिए, यदि आप 'यहाँ आओ' कहते हैं और उन्हें आने के लिए इशारा करते हैं तो आपका बच्चा आ सकता है।

जब आप अपने बच्चे के साथ गाती हैं, तो वे भी इसमें शामिल हो सकते हैं। आपका बच्चा भी किताबों में तस्वीरें देखना पसंद करता है और आपके साथ पढ़ना पसंद करता है।

पिछले कुछ महीनों में, आपके शिशु ने सावधानी और डर जैसी भावनाएँ दिखाना सीख लिया है। लेकिन अब वे अजनबियों से पहले की तुलना में कम डरने लगे हैं । आपका शिशु अपनी जरूरतों के बारे में भी अधिक जागरूक है, और वह आपको बता सकता है कि उसे क्या चाहिए।

आपका शिशु हर समय सीखने में व्यस्त रहता है। आपका बच्चा छिपी हुई वस्तुओं को ढूंढना पसंद करता है - उदाहरण के लिए, एक कप के नीचे छिपा हुआ खिलौना। आपका बच्चा भी इसे पसंद करता है जब आप उसे दिखाते हैं कि चीजें कैसे काम करती हैं - उदाहरण के लिए, कंटेनर पर ढक्कन कैसे लगाया जाए। और आपका बच्चा चीजों को पकड़ रहा है, उनका उपयोग कर रहा है और शायद उन्हें फेंक भी रहा है!

आपके शिशु को शायद खड़े होने में मदद की जरूरत होगी , लेकिन वह कुछ सेकंड के लिए अपने आप खड़े होने की कोशिश कर सकता है। यदि बच्चे फर्नीचर पकड़ सकते हैं, या वे आपका हाथ पकड़ना चाहते हैं, तो वे चलने में अधिक सहज होते हैं। लेकिन आपका शिशु आपकी मदद के बिना भी अपने दम पर चलने की कोशिश कर सकता है।

इस उम्र में आपका बच्चा भी हो सकता है:

संगीत के लिए उछाल

सरल ध्वनियों की नकल करें

तैयार होते समय अधिक सहयोग करें

अपने अंगूठे और तर्जनी का उपयोग करके चीजों को आसानी से उठाएं।

आपको आश्चर्य होगा कि आपका शिशु कितनी दूर तक जा सकता है, इसलिए हमेशा अपने बच्चे पर नज़र रखें और उन्हें कभी भी सोफे, बिस्तर या चेंजिंग टेबल पर लावारिस न छोड़ें। अब अपने घर को सुरक्षित बनाने के बारे में सोचने का अच्छा समय हो सकता है  ताकि आपका शिशु बिना किसी चोट के चल-फिर सके।

10-11 महीने में बच्चे के विकास में मदद करना

इस उम्र में अपने बच्चे के विकास में मदद के लिए आप यहां कुछ आसान चीजें कर सकते हैं:

अपने बच्चे से बात करें : आप अपने बच्चे को यह समझने में मदद कर सकते हैं कि चैटिंग से शब्दों का क्या मतलब है क्योंकि आप अपने बच्चे को नहलाने या लंगोट बदलने जैसी रोज़मर्रा की गतिविधियाँ करते हैं। आपका बच्चा बातचीत में रुचि रखता है, इसलिए जितना अधिक बात करें उतना अच्छा है!

अपने बच्चे के बड़बड़ाने को सुनें और उसका जवाब दें : यह भाषा, संचार और साक्षरता कौशल बनाता है, और यह आपके बच्चे को 'सुना हुआ', प्यार और मूल्यवान महसूस करने में मदद करता है। अपने स्वयं के गर्मजोशी और प्यार भरे तरीके से बात करके या आवाज निकालकर प्रतिक्रिया देना महत्वपूर्ण है। आपका शिशु आपकी आवाज़ को ऊपर नीचे जाते हुए सुनना पसंद करता है और जब आप बात करते हैं तो आपके चेहरे के हाव-भाव देखना पसंद करता है।

अपने बच्चे के साथ पढ़ें : आप एक साथ किताबें पढ़कर, कहानियाँ सुनाकर, गाने गाकर और नर्सरी कविताएँ पढ़कर अपने बच्चे की बात करने और कल्पना को प्रोत्साहित कर सकते हैं। ये गतिविधियां आपके बच्चे को बड़े होने पर पढ़ना सीखने में भी मदद करती हैं।

एक साथ खेलें : गाने गाएं, पीकाबू खेलें, घंटियां बजाएं, खिलौनों को छिपाएं और साथ में मजेदार आवाजें या जानवरों की आवाजें निकालें। जैक-इन-द-बॉक्स जैसे आश्चर्यजनक खिलौने लगभग 10 महीनों से मज़ेदार हैं। एक साथ खेलने से आपके बच्चे को प्यार और सुरक्षित महसूस करने में भी मदद मिलती है।

बाहर खेलने में समय बिताएं : आपके साथ बाहर और आसपास होने से आपके बच्चे को कई अलग-अलग अनुभव मिलते हैं - देखने, सूंघने, सुनने और छूने के लिए बहुत कुछ है। जब आप बाहर हों, तो धूप में सुरक्षित रहना याद रखें ।

हिलने-डुलने को प्रोत्साहित करें : हिलना-डुलना और तलाशना अधिक जटिल गतिविधियों जैसे खड़े होने के लिए खींचना और चलने के लिए आपके बच्चे की मांसपेशियों की शक्ति का निर्माण करता है। यदि आपका बच्चा रेंग रहा है, तो आप फर्श पर नीचे उतरने की कोशिश कर सकते हैं और उनके साथ इधर-उधर रेंग सकते हैं या क्रॉलिंग चेसी का खेल खेल सकते हैं।

अपने बच्चे को ठोस आहार दें : आप अपने बच्चे को घर का बना खाना जैसे पिसा हुआ मांस, साबुत चावल या मुलायम ब्रेड दे सकती हैं । बस यह सुनिश्चित कर लें कि ठोस पदार्थ चोक होने से बचाने के लिए पर्याप्त छोटे और गूदेदार हों । आप पानी से नरम किया हुआ अनाज, स्तन से निकाला हुआ दूध, फॉर्मूला या थोड़ा सा फुल-क्रीम पाश्चुरीकृत गाय का दूध भी दे सकती हैं।

कभी-कभी आपका शिशु इनमें से कुछ काम नहीं करना चाहेगा - उदाहरण के लिए, वह बहुत थका हुआ या भूखा हो सकता है। आपका शिशु शिशु संकेतों का उपयोग आपको यह बताने के लिए करेगा कि कब उनके पास पर्याप्त है और उन्हें क्या चाहिए।

11 महीने के बच्चे का पालन-पोषण

एक अभिभावक के रूप में, आप हमेशा सीखते रहते हैं। आप जो जानते हैं उसके बारे में आश्वस्त महसूस करना ठीक है। और यह स्वीकार करना ठीक है कि आप कुछ नहीं जानते हैं और प्रश्न पूछें या सहायता प्राप्त करें।

अपना ख्याल रखना भी जरूरी है। शारीरिक, मानसिक और भावनात्मक रूप से अपना ख्याल रखना आपके लिए अच्छा है, और यह आपके बच्चे के लिए भी अच्छा है। जब आप ठीक होते हैं, तो आप अपने बच्चे पर प्यार से ध्यान दे सकते हैं, जिसकी उन्हें बढ़ने और फलने-फूलने के लिए जरूरत होती है।

और याद रखें कि खुद की देखभाल करने का हिस्सा मदद मांग रहा है, खासकर अगर आप तनावग्रस्त , चिंतित या गुस्से में हैं । ऐसे कई लोग हैं जो आपको और आपके बच्चे को सहारा दे सकते हैं, जिनमें आपका साथी, दोस्त, रिश्तेदार, बच्चे और परिवार की स्वास्थ्य नर्स और जीपी शामिल हैं ।

बच्चे को कभी न हिलाएं। यह मस्तिष्क के अंदर रक्तस्राव और संभावित स्थायी मस्तिष्क क्षति का कारण बन सकता है। अगर आपको लगता है कि आप सामना नहीं कर सकते हैं, तो जब तक आप शांत महसूस नहीं करते तब तक कुछ समय निकालना ठीक है। शिशु को पालने की तरह सुरक्षित स्थान पर धीरे से लिटाएं। गहरी सांस लेने के लिए दूसरे कमरे में जाएं, या अपने राज्य या क्षेत्र की पेरेंटिंग हेल्पलाइन पर कॉल करें ।

शिशु के विकास के बारे में कब चिंतित होना चाहिए

आप अपने बच्चे को सबसे अच्छे से जानती हैं। इसलिए यदि आपको कोई चिंता है या नोटिस है कि आपके 11 महीने के बच्चे में निम्नलिखित में से कोई समस्या है तो अपने बच्चे और परिवार स्वास्थ्य नर्स या जीपी को देखना एक अच्छा विचार है।

अपने बच्चे को देखना, सुनना और बातचीत करना :

आपसे आँख नहीं मिला रहा है

चलती वस्तुओं का अपनी आँखों से पीछा नहीं कर रहा है

एक आँख है जो ज्यादातर समय अंदर या बाहर मुड़ी रहती है

बड़बड़ा नहीं रहा है

ध्वनियों या आवाज़ों की ओर अपना सिर नहीं घुमा रहा है।

व्यवहार

आपका शिशु न तो मुस्कुराता है और न ही दिखाता है कि वह खुश है या उदास।

हिलना-डुलना

आपका शिशु अपने आप नहीं बैठ सकता है या एक हाथ का दूसरे की तुलना में बहुत अधिक उपयोग करता है।

यह भी एक अच्छा विचार है कि आप अपने बच्चे और परिवार के स्वास्थ्य नर्स या जीपी को देखें यदि आप या आपका साथी जन्म देने वाली माताओं में प्रसवोत्तर अवसाद या गैर-जन्म देने वाले माता-पिता में प्रसवोत्तर अवसाद के लक्षणों का अनुभव करते हैं । प्रसवोत्तर अवसाद के संकेतों में उदास महसूस करना और बिना किसी स्पष्ट कारण के रोना, चिड़चिड़ा महसूस करना, मुकाबला करने में कठिनाई होना और बहुत चिंतित महसूस करना शामिल है।

 

Autism spectrum disorder

 

Autism spectrum disorder is a condition related to brain development that impacts how a person perceives and socializes with others, causing problems in social interaction and communication. The disorder also includes limited and repetitive patterns of behavior. The term "spectrum" in autism spectrum disorder refers to the wide range of symptoms and severity.

Autism spectrum disorder includes conditions that were previously considered separate — autism, Asperger's syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder and an unspecified form of pervasive developmental disorder. Some people still use the term "Asperger's syndrome," which is generally thought to be at the mild end of autism spectrum disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder begins in early childhood and eventually causes problems functioning in society — socially, in school and at work, for example. Often children show symptoms of autism within the first year. A small number of children appear to develop normally in the first year, and then go through a period of regression between 18 and 24 months of age when they develop autism symptoms.

Symptoms

Some children show signs of autism spectrum disorder in early infancy, such as reduced eye contact, lack of response to their name or indifference to caregivers. Other children may develop normally for the first few months or years of life, but then suddenly become withdrawn or aggressive or lose language skills they've already acquired. Signs usually are seen by age 2 years.

Each child with autism spectrum disorder is likely to have a unique pattern of behavior and level of severity — from low functioning to high functioning.

Some children with autism spectrum disorder have difficulty learning, and some have signs of lower than normal intelligence. Other children with the disorder have normal to high intelligence — they learn quickly, yet have trouble communicating and applying what they know in everyday life and adjusting to social situations.

Because of the unique mixture of symptoms in each child, severity can sometimes be difficult to determine. It's generally based on the level of impairments and how they impact the ability to function.

Below are some common signs shown by people who have autism spectrum disorder.

Social communication and interaction

A child or adult with autism spectrum disorder may have problems with social interaction and communication skills, including any of these signs:

·         Fails to respond to his or her name or appears not to hear you at times

·         Resists cuddling and holding, and seems to prefer playing alone, retreating into his or her own world

·         Has poor eye contact and lacks facial expression

·         Doesn't speak or has delayed speech, or loses previous ability to say words or sentences

·         Can't start a conversation or keep one going, or only starts one to make requests or label items

·         Speaks with an abnormal tone or rhythm and may use a singsong voice or robot-like speech

·         Repeats words or phrases verbatim, but doesn't understand how to use them

·         Doesn't appear to understand simple questions or directions

·         Doesn't express emotions or feelings and appears unaware of others' feelings

·         Doesn't point at or bring objects to share interest

·         Inappropriately approaches a social interaction by being passive, aggressive or disruptive

·         Has difficulty recognizing nonverbal cues, such as interpreting other people's facial expressions, body postures or tone of voice

Patterns of behavior

A child or adult with autism spectrum disorder may have limited, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests or activities, including any of these signs:

·         Performs repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning or hand flapping

·         Performs activities that could cause self-harm, such as biting or head-banging

·         Develops specific routines or rituals and becomes disturbed at the slightest change

·         Has problems with coordination or has odd movement patterns, such as clumsiness or walking on toes, and has odd, stiff or exaggerated body language

·         Is fascinated by details of an object, such as the spinning wheels of a toy car, but doesn't understand the overall purpose or function of the object

·         Is unusually sensitive to light, sound or touch, yet may be indifferent to pain or temperature

·         Doesn't engage in imitative or make-believe play

·         Fixates on an object or activity with abnormal intensity or focus

·         Has specific food preferences, such as eating only a few foods, or refusing foods with a certain texture

As they mature, some children with autism spectrum disorder become more engaged with others and show fewer disturbances in behavior. Some, usually those with the least severe problems, eventually may lead normal or near-normal lives. Others, however, continue to have difficulty with language or social skills, and the teen years can bring worse behavioral and emotional problems.

When to see a doctor

Babies develop at their own pace, and many don't follow exact timelines found in some parenting books. But children with autism spectrum disorder usually show some signs of delayed development before age 2 years.

If you're concerned about your child's development or you suspect that your child may have autism spectrum disorder, discuss your concerns with your doctor. The symptoms associated with the disorder can also be linked with other developmental disorders.

Signs of autism spectrum disorder often appear early in development when there are obvious delays in language skills and social interactions. Your doctor may recommend developmental tests to identify if your child has delays in cognitive, language and social skills, if your child:

·         Doesn't respond with a smile or happy expression by 6 months

·         Doesn't mimic sounds or facial expressions by 9 months

·         Doesn't babble or coo by 12 months

·         Doesn't gesture — such as point or wave — by 14 months

·         Doesn't say single words by 16 months

·         Doesn't play "make-believe" or pretend by 18 months

·         Doesn't say two-word phrases by 24 months

·         Loses language skills or social skills at any age

 

09 month milestones

 By 9 months, your baby is much more mobile and likes to explore. Babies at this age are crawling and can raise themselves to stand, so safety in the home becomes an important issue as your baby's curiosity (and mobility) grows. Your baby now responds to her/his name, loves to cuddle with family members and may show shyness or fear of strangers. Games like peek-a-boo and pat-a-cake are sure to be a big hit with your 9-month-old.

 

 

Language and communication milestones at 9 months

How your baby is expressing his needs:

 

Pointing at things with his fingers.

Understands the word "no" and makes lots of different sounds.

He’ll start to copy movements he sees and sounds he hears.

Tips for parents

 

Because your baby loves to point, read some board books with pictures. He’ll be able to show you what he’s interested in.

Cut out pictures from magazines and create your own story about the objects or people in the picture.

Identify the objects your baby notices in his everyday environment or in the house and name them. This will help with their linguistic and communication development.

 

Brain development milestones at 9 months

How your child’s brain is growing:

 

Likes to play peek-a-boo and look for things you hide.

Tracks objects as they fall.

Moves things from one hand to the other, and likes to put objects in her mouth.

Picks up small objects with her thumb and index finger.

Tips for parents

 

Support and encourage your baby during playtime.

Help her develop her fine-motor skills by giving her small objects to pick up while under your supervision.

7-month-baby Meal Schedule

Your meal schedule for the little one might look like this:

• Early morning snack: 150ml breast milk/formula
• Breakfast: 3 to 4 tablespoons of rice cereal mixed with 60ml breast milk/formula
• Mid-morning snack: 180ml breast milk/formula
• Lunch: ¼ to ¾ bowl* of solid food
• Afternoon snack: 180ml breast milk/formula
• Dinner: ¼ to ¾ bowl* of solid food
• Evening snack: 180ml breast milk/formula

*Rice bowl

Right now, your baby’s meals may typically be made up of a base wholegrain/grain (e.g. porridge) mixed with vegetable (e.g. pureed broccoli) and meat/others (e.g. tofu), perhaps with a tiny portion of fruit (e.g. apple and other fruit puree) when your baby feels up for it.

Broken down into these components, there are countless yummy meal combos you and your baby can explore. Just mix and match and let your creativity go wild! Read on for ideas on what you can feed your 7-month-old tot.

12 Foods You Should Avoid for Your Baby

As soon as your baby reaches the age of 6 months, it is time to introduce him/her to a variety of textures and flavours. Since this is an age of curiosity, both for the parents and the baby, do not feed the baby every fancy food you have access to. Here’s a list of the foods you should avoid feeding your baby:

1. Honey

2. Cow’s Milk

3. Peanut and Peanut Butter

4. Sea Food and Shellfish

5. Chocolate

6. Egg Whites

7. Canned Fruit Juices

8. Berries/Citrus Fruits

9. Wheat

10. Raw vegetables

11. Grapes/ Raisins

12. Sugar