Facts about Down Syndrome.

Down syndrome is a condition in which a person has an extra chromosome. Chromosomes are small “packages” of genes in the body. They determine how a baby’s body forms during pregnancy and how the baby’s body functions as it grows in the womb and after birth. Typically, a baby is born with 46 chromosomes. Babies with Down syndrome have an extra copy of one of these chromosomes, chromosome 21. A medical term for having an extra copy of a chromosome is ‘trisomy.’ Down syndrome is also referred to as Trisomy 21. This extra copy changes how the baby’s body and brain develop, which can cause both mental and physical challenges for the baby.

Even though people with Down syndrome might act and look similar, each person has different abilities. People with Down syndrome usually have an IQ (a measure of intelligence) in the mildly-to-moderately low range and are slower to speak than other children.

Some common physical features of Down syndrome include:

•        A flattened face, especially the bridge of the nose

•        Almond-shaped eyes that slant up

•        A short neck

•        Small ears

•        A tongue that tends to stick out of the mouth

•        Tiny white spots on the iris (colored part) of the eye

•        Small hands and feet

•        A single line across the palm of the hand (palmar crease)

•        Small pinky fingers that sometimes curve toward the thumb

•        Poor muscle tone or loose joints

•        Shorter in height as children and adults

How Many Babies are Born with Down Syndrome?

Down syndrome remains the most common chromosomal condition diagnosed in the United States. Each year, about 6,000 babies born in the United States have Down syndrome. This means that Down syndrome occurs in about 1 in every 700 babies.

Types of Down Syndrome

There are three types of Down syndrome. People often can’t tell the difference between each type without looking at the chromosomes because the physical features and behaviors are similar.

Ø Trisomy 21: About 95% of people with Down syndrome have Trisomy 21.2 With this type of Down syndrome, each cell in the body has 3 separate copies of chromosome 21 instead of the usual 2 copies.

Ø Translocation Down syndrome: This type accounts for a small percentage of people with Down syndrome (about 3%).2 This occurs when an extra part or a whole extra chromosome 21 is present, but it is attached or “trans-located” to a different chromosome rather than being a separate chromosome 21.

Ø Mosaic Down syndrome: This type affects about 2% of the people with Down syndrome.2 Mosaic means mixture or combination. For children with mosaic Down syndrome, some of their cells have 3 copies of chromosome 21, but other cells have the typical two copies of chromosome 21. Children with mosaic Down syndrome may have the same features as other children with Down syndrome. However, they may have fewer features of the condition due to the presence of some (or many) cells with a typical number of chromosomes.

Causes and Risk Factors

Ø The extra chromosome 21 leads to the physical features and developmental challenges that can occur among people with Down syndrome. Researchers know that Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome, but no one knows for sure why Down syndrome occurs or how many different factors play a role.

Ø One factor that increases the risk for having a baby with Down syndrome is the mother’s age. Women who are 35 years or older when they become pregnant are more likely to have a pregnancy affected by Down syndrome than women who become pregnant at a younger age.

Diagnosis

There are two basic types of tests available to detect Down syndrome during pregnancy: screening tests and diagnostic tests. A screening test can tell a woman and her healthcare provider whether her pregnancy has a lower or higher chance of having Down syndrome. Screening tests do not provide an absolute diagnosis, but they are safer for the mother and the developing baby. Diagnostic tests can typically detect whether or not a baby will have Down syndrome, but they can be more risky for the mother and developing baby. Neither screening nor diagnostic tests can predict the full impact of Down syndrome on a baby; no one can predict this.

Screening Tests

Screening tests often include a combination of a blood test, which measures the amount of various substances in the mother’s blood (e.g., MS-AFP, Triple Screen, Quad-screen), and an ultrasound, which creates a picture of the baby. During an ultrasound, one of the things the technician looks at is the fluid behind the baby’s neck. Extra fluid in this region could indicate a genetic problem. These screening tests can help determine the baby’s risk of Down syndrome. Rarely, screening tests can give an abnormal result even when there is nothing wrong with the baby. Sometimes, the test results are normal and yet they miss a problem that does exist.

Diagnostic Tests

Diagnostic tests are usually performed after a positive screening test in order to confirm a Down syndrome diagnosis. Types of diagnostic tests include:

Ø    Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)—examines material from the placenta

Ø    Amniocentesis—examines the amniotic fluid (the fluid from the sac surrounding the baby)

Ø    Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS)—examines blood from the umbilical cord

These tests look for changes in the chromosomes that would indicate a Down syndrome diagnosis.

Other Health Problems

Many people with Down syndrome have the common facial features and no other major birth defects. However, some people with Down syndrome might have one or more major birth defects or other medical problems. Some of the more common health problems among children with Down syndrome are listed below.8

Ø Hearing loss

Ø Obstructive sleep apnea, which is a condition where the person’s breathing temporarily stops while asleep

Ø Ear infections

Ø Eye diseases

Ø Heart defects present at birth

Health care providers routinely monitor children with Down syndrome for these conditions.

Ayurvedic remedies for Erectile Dysfunction and Premature ejaculation.

Sexual wellbeing depend 70 percent on mental health and 30 percent on physical & hormonal. In Ayurveda Vajikarana is branch of Astangayurveda being practiced since time immemorial.  Ayurveda has two aims i.e. protection and promotion of health and secondly cure from diseases. Vajikarana may be employed for fulfilling both of them i.e. promotion of sexual health and curing the sexual diseases. Sexuality and reproduction are so vital in Ayurveda that an entire discipline, known as Vajikarana, is dedicated to enhancing fertility and rejuvenating sexual and reproductive energy.

Vajikarana deals with the preservation and amplification of sexual potency of a healthy man and conception of healthy progeny as well as management of defective semen, disturbed sexual potency and spermatogenesis along with treatment of seminal related disorders in man. Vajikarana promotes the sexual capacity and performance as well as improves the physical, psychological and social health of an individual. Factually the Vajikarana is not exactly aphrodisiac but the current connotational meaning is same. Vajikarana therapy may minimize occurrence of congenital disorders besides it may also boost the genetic constitution of baby. Sexual intercourse commonly plays a strong role in human bonding, usually being used solely for pleasure and often leading to stronger emotional bonds. Acharya charak described all about Vajikarna in Charak chikitsha chapter two.

 Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough to have sexual intercourse. It’s sometimes referred to as impotence, although this term is now used less often.

Ayurveda have too many ways to treat sexual as well as infertility disorder and treatment descrived in vajikaran chapter.

Physiology of erection

According to Ayurveda physiology erection is controlled by Apana vayu.

This vayu rules downward and outward movement in our body (i.e., all elimination). Nearly everything going into our body must go out. This applies to food, drink, and breath. This vayu is also associated with the female menstrual cycle, the act of giving birth, and male ejaculation. When a woman’s cycle is on schedule and she is able to conceive and give birth, it is said to be a sign that apana vayu is healthy. Being able to eliminate regularly is considered another sign. If there is too much elimination of any type, then apana vayu is considered weak (due to its inability to control the outward movement).

ED can occur because of problems at any stage of the erection process. An erection is the result of increased blood flow into your penis. Blood flow is usually stimulated by either sexual thoughts or direct contact with your penis.

When a man is sexually excited, muscles in the penis relax. This allows for increased blood flow through the penile arteries, filling two chambers inside the penis. As the chambers fill with blood, the penis grows rigid.

An erection ends when the muscles contract and the accumulated blood can flow out through the penile veins.

Erectile dysfunction causes-

There are many possible causes of ED, and they can include both emotional and physical conditions. Common causes include:

v Cardiovascular disease

v Neurological disorders

v Hormonal disturbance and endocrine abnormalities

v Diabetes

v Hypertension, or high blood pressure

v High cholesterol

v Obesity

v Low testosterone levels or other hormone imbalances

v Kidney disease

v increased age

v Stress

v Anxiety

v Depression

v Relationship problems

v Certain prescription medications, such as those used to treat high blood pressure or depression

v sleep disorders

v Drug use

v consuming too much alcohol

v using tobacco products

v Certain health conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or multiple sclerosis (MS)

v Damage to the pelvic area through injury or surgery

v Peyronie’s disease, which causes scar tissue to develop in the penis

Erectile dysfunction treatment

Treatment for ED will depend on the underlying cause. You may need to use a combination of treatments, including medication or talk therapy.

Medications

A number of psychological factors can cause ED. If you’re experiencing psychological ED, you may benefit from talk therapy. Over several sessions, you and your therapist will discuss:

Vacuum pumps

This treatment uses the creation of a vacuum to stimulate an erection. Blood is drawn into the penis as the device is used, leading to an erection.

A vacuum pump device consists of a few different components:

•                     A plastic tube, which you place over your penis

•                     A pump, which works to create the vacuum by drawing air out of the plastic tube

•                     An elastic ring, which you’ll move to the base of your penis as you remove the plastic tube

•                     The elastic ring functions to maintain the erection, holding the blood in the penis and preventing it from returning to circulation. It can be left in place for 30 minutes. Read more about vacuum pumps and how to use them.

•                     Erectile dysfunction symptoms

You may have ED if you regularly have:

•        Trouble getting an erection

•        Difficulty maintaining an erection during sexual activities

•        reduced interest in sex

Other sexual disorders related to ED include:

•        Premature ejaculation

•        delayed ejaculation

•        Anorgasmia, or the inability to achieve orgasm after ample stimulation

Speak with your doctor if you have any of these symptoms, especially if they’ve lasted for 3 or more months. They can help determine whether your symptoms are caused by an underlying condition that requires treatment.

Erectile dysfunction tests

Additional tests

Your doctor may perform additional testing to help diagnose your ED. Tests can include:

v Ultrasound. An ultrasound can be used to examine the blood vessels of the penis to determine if there’s a problem with penile blood flow.

v Nocturnal penile tumescence (NPT) test. A portable, battery-powered device, worn on the thigh, is used to evaluate the quality of your nocturnal erections. Data is stored in the device, which your doctor can access later.

v Injection test. During this test, a medication is injected into your penis to stimulate an erection. This allows your doctor to evaluate the firmness of the erection and how long it lasts.

v Urine tests. Urine tests can be used to check for diabetes or other underlying health conditions.

v Blood tests. Blood tests can be used to check for conditions such as diabetes, heart disease, thyroid issues, and low levels of testosterone.

v Erectile dysfunction exercises

v Certain exercises can also help with ED.

v Testosterone level

Kegel exercises

Kegel exercises are simple movements you can do to strengthen your pelvic floor muscles. Moderate to vigorous exercise is not only good for your overall health, but also can increase blood flow, possibly helping with ED. Examples include running and swimming.

Erectile dysfunction foods

ED is often related to problems with blood flow. Maintaining your blood vessel health may be beneficial in both preventing and treating ED. This can be achieved through making certain lifestyle choices, such as eating a healthy diet.

Take these simple steps to help reduce your risk of developing ED:

•                     Eat whole grains, vegetables, and fruits.

•                     Limit your consumption of red meats, full-fat dairy and processed sugars.

•                     Drink alcohol in moderation.

•                     Stop smoking and tobacco

•                     Several specific foods, from cocoa to watermelon, may help with ED. Erectile

Massage

Prostatic massage, a form of massage therapy, may be used for ED. Prostatic massage is often used in combination with other treatments.

During prostatic massage, a practitioner will massage the tissues in and around the groin to promote blood flow to your penis. You may need to undergo a massage several times a week. The length of massage treatment depends on your symptoms.

So far, there have only been limited studies on prostatic massage and its effectiveness. Get tips on finding a practitioner, and more, with the help of this short guide.

v Having high amounts of sugar in your blood can lead to damage of the blood vessels and nerves. This damage can also affect the blood vessels and nerves located around the penis, leading to difficulties attaining or maintaining an erection.

Prevention and Ayurvedic medicines that can be help full in the treatment of sexual disorders-

v Manmanth rasha

v Narsingh churna

v Swarn makardhwaj rasha

v Uttar basti

v Anuvashan basti

v Akarkarbh churn

v Ashwagandha churn

v Tribang Bhashm

v Vasant Kushmakar rasha

v Satavari churn

v Ashwagandha Churn

v Shri Gopal Tailam

v Rashyan yogas

v Arjunarishta

v Milk and ghee

v Shukrastambhak Vati

v Urad

v Laxatives

v Agnidipan

v Shnehan

v Chywanprash

v vanari kalp

v  Vajikar lep

v Virechan

v Kiwi

v Kesar sidhha kseer

v Deepan and anulomak aushadi

v Stop masturbation

v Herbs and supplements

v Certain herbsTrusted Source and supplements have been shown to treat ED, with varying degrees of success, including:

v Asparagus racemosus

v dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)

v Ginseng, such as Korean red ginseng

v L-arginine

v L-carnitine

v yohimbe

v Keep medical conditions such as heart disease and diabetes under control.

v Make sure that you get regular exercise.

v Maintain a healthy weight.

v Focus on eating a healthy diet.

v Find ways to reduce or manage stress.

v Seek help if you’re experiencing anxiety or depression.

v Yoga , aerobics & Pranayam.

v Moring walk

v Good Sleep